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Florida - Mathematics: Geometry
Benchmarks for Excellent Student Thinking Standards | Adopted: 2020
MA.912.GR: : Geometric Reasoning
MA.912.GR.1.1: : Prove relationships and theorems about lines and angles. Solve mathematical and real-world problems involving postulates, relationships and theorems of lines and angles.
Concurrent Lines, Medians, and Altitudes
Explore the relationships between perpendicular bisectors, the circumscribed circle, angle bisectors, the inscribed circle, altitudes, and medians using a triangle that can be resized and reshaped. 5 Minute Preview
Investigating Angle Theorems
Explore the properties of complementary, supplementary, vertical, and adjacent angles using a dynamic figure. 5 Minute Preview
Parallel, Intersecting, and Skew Lines
Explore the properties of intersecting, parallel, and skew lines as well as lines in the plane. Rotate the plane and lines in three-dimensional space to ensure a full understanding of these objects. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.1.2: : Prove triangle congruence or similarity using Side-Side-Side, Side-Angle-Side, Angle-Side-Angle, Angle-Angle-Side, Angle-Angle and Hypotenuse-Leg.
Congruence in Right Triangles
Apply constraints to two right triangles. Then drag their vertices around under those conditions. Determine under what conditions the triangles are guaranteed to be congruent. 5 Minute Preview
Proving Triangles Congruent
Apply constraints to two triangles. Then drag the vertices of the triangles around and determine which constraints guarantee congruence. 5 Minute Preview
Similarity in Right Triangles
Divide a right triangle at the altitude to the hypotenuse to get two similar right triangles. Explore the relationship between the two triangles. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.1.3: : Prove relationships and theorems about triangles. Solve mathematical and real-world problems involving postulates, relationships and theorems of triangles.
Concurrent Lines, Medians, and Altitudes
Explore the relationships between perpendicular bisectors, the circumscribed circle, angle bisectors, the inscribed circle, altitudes, and medians using a triangle that can be resized and reshaped. 5 Minute Preview
Isosceles and Equilateral Triangles
Investigate the graph of a triangle under constraints. Determine which constraints guarantee isosceles or equilateral triangles. 5 Minute Preview
Segment and Angle Bisectors
Explore the special properties of a point that lies on the perpendicular bisector of a segment, and of a point that lies on an angle bisector. Manipulate the point, the segment, and the angle to see that these properties are always true. 5 Minute Preview
Triangle Angle Sum
Measure the interior angles of a triangle and find the sum. Examine whether that sum is the same for all triangles. Also, discover how the measure of an exterior angle relates to the interior angle measures. 5 Minute Preview
Triangle Inequalities
Discover the inequalities related to the side lengths and angle measures of a triangle. Reshape and resize the triangle to confirm that these properties are true for all triangles. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.1.4: : Prove relationships and theorems about parallelograms. Solve mathematical and real-world problems involving postulates, relationships and theorems of parallelograms.
Parallelogram Conditions
Apply constraints to a dynamic quadrilateral. Then drag its vertices around. Determine which constraints guarantee that the quadrilateral is always a parallelogram. 5 Minute Preview
Polygon Angle Sum
Derive the sum of the angles of a polygon by dividing the polygon into triangles and summing their angles. Vary the number of sides and determine how the sum of the angles changes. Dilate the polygon to see that the sum is unchanged. 5 Minute Preview
Special Parallelograms
Apply constraints to a parallelogram and experiment with the resulting figure. What type of shape can you be sure that you have under each condition? 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.1.5: : Prove relationships and theorems about trapezoids. Solve mathematical and real-world problems involving postulates, relationships and theorems of trapezoids.
Classifying Quadrilaterals
Apply constraints to a quadrilateral, and then reshape and resize it. Classify the figure by its constraints. Explore the differences between the different kinds of quadrilaterals. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.1.6: : Solve mathematical and real-world problems involving congruence or similarity in two-dimensional figures.
Congruence in Right Triangles
Apply constraints to two right triangles. Then drag their vertices around under those conditions. Determine under what conditions the triangles are guaranteed to be congruent. 5 Minute Preview
Similar Figures
Vary the scale factor and rotation of an image and compare it to the preimage. Determine how the angle measures and side lengths of the two figures are related. 5 Minute Preview
Similarity in Right Triangles
Divide a right triangle at the altitude to the hypotenuse to get two similar right triangles. Explore the relationship between the two triangles. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.2.1: : Given a preimage and image, describe the transformation and represent the transformation algebraically using coordinates.
Dilations
Dilate a figure and investigate its resized image. See how scaling a figure affects the coordinates of its vertices, both in
Rotations, Reflections, and Translations
Rotate, reflect, and translate a figure in the plane. Compare the translated figure to the original figure. 5 Minute Preview
Translations
Translate a figure horizontally and vertically in the plane and examine the matrix representation of the translation. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.2.2: : Identify transformations that do or do not preserve distance.
Dilations
Dilate a figure and investigate its resized image. See how scaling a figure affects the coordinates of its vertices, both in
Rotations, Reflections, and Translations
Rotate, reflect, and translate a figure in the plane. Compare the translated figure to the original figure. 5 Minute Preview
Translations
Translate a figure horizontally and vertically in the plane and examine the matrix representation of the translation. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.2.3: : Specify a sequence of transformations that will map a given figure onto itself or onto another congruent or similar figure.
Rotations, Reflections, and Translations
Rotate, reflect, and translate a figure in the plane. Compare the translated figure to the original figure. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.2.5: : Apply rigid transformations to map one figure onto another to justify that the two figures are congruent.
Reflections
Reshape and resize a figure and examine how its reflection changes in response. Move the line of reflection and explore how the reflection is translated. 5 Minute Preview
Rotations, Reflections, and Translations
Rotate, reflect, and translate a figure in the plane. Compare the translated figure to the original figure. 5 Minute Preview
Translations
Translate a figure horizontally and vertically in the plane and examine the matrix representation of the translation. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.2.7: : Apply an appropriate transformation to map one figure onto another to justify that the two figures are similar.
Dilations
Dilate a figure and investigate its resized image. See how scaling a figure affects the coordinates of its vertices, both in
MA.912.GR.3.1: : Given a mathematical or real-world context, use coordinate geometry to classify or justify definitions, properties and theorems involving circles, triangles or quadrilaterals.
Circles
Compare the graph of a circle with its equation. Vary the terms in the equation and explore how the circle is translated and scaled in response. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.3.2: : Solve geometric problems involving circles, triangles and quadrilaterals on the coordinate plane.
Circles
Compare the graph of a circle with its equation. Vary the terms in the equation and explore how the circle is translated and scaled in response. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.3.3: : Solve mathematical and real-world problems on the coordinate plane that involve finding the coordinates of a point on a line segment including the midpoint.
Circles
Compare the graph of a circle with its equation. Vary the terms in the equation and explore how the circle is translated and scaled in response. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.3.4: : Solve mathematical and real-world problems on the coordinate plane involving perimeter or area of polygons.
Distance Formula
Explore the distance formula as an application of the Pythagorean theorem. Learn to see any two points as the endpoints of the hypotenuse of a right triangle. Drag those points and examine changes to the triangle and the distance calculation. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.4.1: : Identify the shapes of two-dimensional cross-sections of three-dimensional figures.
Pyramids and Cones
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a pyramid or cone and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of a skew pyramid or cone to the volume of a right pyramid or cone. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.4.2: : Identify three-dimensional objects generated by rotations of two-dimensional figures.
Prisms and Cylinders
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a prism or cylinder and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of an oblique prism or cylinder to the volume of a right prism or cylinder. 5 Minute Preview
Pyramids and Cones
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a pyramid or cone and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of a skew pyramid or cone to the volume of a right pyramid or cone. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.4.3: : Determine how changes in dimensions affect the area of two-dimensional figures and the surface area or volume of three-dimensional figures.
Area of Parallelograms
Examine and manipulate a parallelogram and find its area. Explore the relationship between the area of a parallelogram and the area of a rectangle using an animation. 5 Minute Preview
Area of Triangles
Use a dynamic triangle to explore the area of a triangle. With the help of an animation, see that any triangle is always half of a parallelogram (with the same base and height). Likewise, a similar animation shows the connection between parallelograms and rectangles. 5 Minute Preview
Circumference and Area of Circles
Resize a circle and compare its radius, circumference, and area. 5 Minute Preview
Perimeter and Area of Rectangles
Discover how to find the perimeter and area of a rectangle, and of a square (which is really just a special case of a rectangle). 5 Minute Preview
Perimeters and Areas of Similar Figures
Manipulate two similar figures and vary the scale factor to see what changes are possible under similarity. Explore how the perimeters and areas of two similar figures compare. 5 Minute Preview
Prisms and Cylinders
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a prism or cylinder and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of an oblique prism or cylinder to the volume of a right prism or cylinder. 5 Minute Preview
Pyramids and Cones
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a pyramid or cone and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of a skew pyramid or cone to the volume of a right pyramid or cone. 5 Minute Preview
Surface and Lateral Areas of Prisms and Cylinders
Vary the dimensions of a prism or cylinder and investigate how the surface area changes. Use the dynamic net of the solid to compute the lateral area and the surface area of the solid. 5 Minute Preview
Surface and Lateral Areas of Pyramids and Cones
Vary the dimensions of a pyramid or cone and investigate how the surface area changes. Use the dynamic net of the solid to compute the lateral area and the surface area of the solid. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.4.4: : Solve mathematical and real-world problems involving the area of two-dimensional figures.
Area of Parallelograms
Examine and manipulate a parallelogram and find its area. Explore the relationship between the area of a parallelogram and the area of a rectangle using an animation. 5 Minute Preview
Area of Triangles
Use a dynamic triangle to explore the area of a triangle. With the help of an animation, see that any triangle is always half of a parallelogram (with the same base and height). Likewise, a similar animation shows the connection between parallelograms and rectangles. 5 Minute Preview
Circumference and Area of Circles
Resize a circle and compare its radius, circumference, and area. 5 Minute Preview
Perimeter and Area of Rectangles
Discover how to find the perimeter and area of a rectangle, and of a square (which is really just a special case of a rectangle). 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.4.5: : Solve mathematical and real-world problems involving the volume of three-dimensional figures limited to cylinders, pyramids, prisms, cones and spheres.
Prisms and Cylinders
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a prism or cylinder and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of an oblique prism or cylinder to the volume of a right prism or cylinder. 5 Minute Preview
Pyramids and Cones
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a pyramid or cone and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of a skew pyramid or cone to the volume of a right pyramid or cone. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.4.6: : Solve mathematical and real-world problems involving the surface area of three-dimensional figures limited to cylinders, pyramids, prisms, cones and spheres.
Surface and Lateral Areas of Prisms and Cylinders
Vary the dimensions of a prism or cylinder and investigate how the surface area changes. Use the dynamic net of the solid to compute the lateral area and the surface area of the solid. 5 Minute Preview
Surface and Lateral Areas of Pyramids and Cones
Vary the dimensions of a pyramid or cone and investigate how the surface area changes. Use the dynamic net of the solid to compute the lateral area and the surface area of the solid. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.5.1: : Construct a copy of a segment or an angle.
Constructing Congruent Segments and Angles
Construct congruent segments and angles using a straightedge and compass. Use step-by-step explanations and feedback to develop understanding of the construction. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.5.2: : Construct the bisector of a segment or an angle, including the perpendicular bisector of a line segment.
Constructing Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Construct parallel and perpendicular lines using a straightedge and compass. Use step-by-step explanations and feedback to develop understanding of the construction. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.6.1: : Solve mathematical and real-world problems involving the length of a secant, tangent, segment or chord in a given circle.
Chords and Arcs
Explore the relationship between a central angle and the arcs it intercepts. Also explore the relationship between chords and their distance from the circle's center. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.6.2: : Solve mathematical and real-world problems involving the measures of arcs and related angles, limited to central, inscribed and intersections of a chord, secants or tangents.
Chords and Arcs
Explore the relationship between a central angle and the arcs it intercepts. Also explore the relationship between chords and their distance from the circle's center. 5 Minute Preview
Inscribed Angles
Resize angles inscribed in a circle. Investigate the relationship between inscribed angles and the arcs they intercept. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.6.3: : Solve mathematical problems involving triangles and quadrilaterals inscribed in a circle.
Inscribed Angles
Resize angles inscribed in a circle. Investigate the relationship between inscribed angles and the arcs they intercept. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.6.4: : Solve mathematical and real-world problems involving the arc length and area of a sector in a given circle.
Radians
As factory belt operator, your job is to move boxes just the right distance on the belt, so they can be stamped for delivery. Your only controls are the radius and rotation of the belt’s wheel. How do you set these to get the distance right? See how this relates to arc length, and discover how radians help make this task easier. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.6.5: : Apply transformations to prove that all circles are similar.
Circles
Compare the graph of a circle with its equation. Vary the terms in the equation and explore how the circle is translated and scaled in response. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.7.2: : Given a mathematical or real-world context, derive and create the equation of a circle using key features.
Circles
Compare the graph of a circle with its equation. Vary the terms in the equation and explore how the circle is translated and scaled in response. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.GR.7.3: : Graph and solve mathematical and real-world problems that are modeled with an equation of a circle. Determine and interpret key features in terms of the context.
Circles
Compare the graph of a circle with its equation. Vary the terms in the equation and explore how the circle is translated and scaled in response. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.T: : Trigonometry
MA.912.T.1.1: : Define trigonometric ratios for acute angles in right triangles.
Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Ratios
Reshape and resize a right triangle and examine how the sine of angle A, the cosine of angle A, and the tangent of angle A change. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.T.1.2: : Solve mathematical and real-world problems involving right triangles using trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean Theorem.
Cosine Function
Compare the graph of the cosine function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the cosine curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
Pythagorean Theorem
Explore the Pythagorean Theorem using a dynamic right triangle. Examine a visual, geometric application of the Pythagorean Theorem, using the areas of squares on the sides of the triangle. 5 Minute Preview
Pythagorean Theorem with a Geoboard
Build right triangles in an interactive geoboard and build squares on the sides of the triangles to discover the Pythagorean Theorem. 5 Minute Preview
Sine Function
Compare the graph of the sine function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the sine curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Ratios
Reshape and resize a right triangle and examine how the sine of angle A, the cosine of angle A, and the tangent of angle A change. 5 Minute Preview
Tangent Function
Compare the graph of the tangent function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the tangent curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
MA.912.LT: : Logic and Theory
MA.912.LT.4.3: : Identify and accurately interpret “if…then,” “if and only if,” “all” and “not” statements. Find the converse, inverse and contrapositive of a statement.
Biconditional Statements
Make a biconditional statement from a given definition using word tiles. Use both symbolic form and standard English form. 5 Minute Preview
Conditional Statements
Make a conditional statement from a given fact using word tiles. Use both symbolic form and standard English form. 5 Minute Preview
Correlation last revised: 9/16/2020
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