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Pennsylvania - Mathematics: Geometry
Keystone Exams Assessment Anchors and Eligible Content | Adopted: 2010
G.1: : Geometric Properties and Reasoning
G.1.1: : Properties of Circles, Spheres, and Cylinders
G.1.1.1: : Identify and/or use parts of circles and segments associated with circles, spheres, and cylinders.
G.1.1.1.1: : Identify, determine, and/or use the radius, diameter, segment, and/or tangent of a circle.
Chords and Arcs
Explore the relationship between a central angle and the arcs it intercepts. Also explore the relationship between chords and their distance from the circle's center. 5 Minute Preview
Circumference and Area of Circles
Resize a circle and compare its radius, circumference, and area. 5 Minute Preview
Inscribed Angles
Resize angles inscribed in a circle. Investigate the relationship between inscribed angles and the arcs they intercept. 5 Minute Preview
G.1.1.1.2: : Identify, determine, and/or use the arcs, semicircles, sectors, and/or angles of a circle.
Chords and Arcs
Explore the relationship between a central angle and the arcs it intercepts. Also explore the relationship between chords and their distance from the circle's center. 5 Minute Preview
Inscribed Angles
Resize angles inscribed in a circle. Investigate the relationship between inscribed angles and the arcs they intercept. 5 Minute Preview
G.1.1.1.3: : Use chords, tangents, and secants to find missing arc measures or missing segment measures.
Chords and Arcs
Explore the relationship between a central angle and the arcs it intercepts. Also explore the relationship between chords and their distance from the circle's center. 5 Minute Preview
G.1.1.1.4: : Identify and/or use the properties of a sphere or cylinder.
Prisms and Cylinders
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a prism or cylinder and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of an oblique prism or cylinder to the volume of a right prism or cylinder. 5 Minute Preview
Surface and Lateral Areas of Prisms and Cylinders
Vary the dimensions of a prism or cylinder and investigate how the surface area changes. Use the dynamic net of the solid to compute the lateral area and the surface area of the solid. 5 Minute Preview
G.1.2: : Properties of Polygons and Polyhedra
G.1.2.1: : Recognize and/or apply properties of angles, polygons, and polyhedra.
G.1.2.1.1: : Identify and/or use properties of triangles.
Classifying Triangles
Place constraints on a triangle and determine what classifications must apply to the triangle. 5 Minute Preview
Concurrent Lines, Medians, and Altitudes
Explore the relationships between perpendicular bisectors, the circumscribed circle, angle bisectors, the inscribed circle, altitudes, and medians using a triangle that can be resized and reshaped. 5 Minute Preview
Isosceles and Equilateral Triangles
Investigate the graph of a triangle under constraints. Determine which constraints guarantee isosceles or equilateral triangles. 5 Minute Preview
Triangle Inequalities
Discover the inequalities related to the side lengths and angle measures of a triangle. Reshape and resize the triangle to confirm that these properties are true for all triangles. 5 Minute Preview
G.1.2.1.2: : Identify and/or use properties of quadrilaterals.
Classifying Quadrilaterals
Apply constraints to a quadrilateral, and then reshape and resize it. Classify the figure by its constraints. Explore the differences between the different kinds of quadrilaterals. 5 Minute Preview
Parallelogram Conditions
Apply constraints to a dynamic quadrilateral. Then drag its vertices around. Determine which constraints guarantee that the quadrilateral is always a parallelogram. 5 Minute Preview
Special Parallelograms
Apply constraints to a parallelogram and experiment with the resulting figure. What type of shape can you be sure that you have under each condition? 5 Minute Preview
G.1.2.1.3: : Identify and/or use properties of isosceles and equilateral triangles.
Classifying Triangles
Place constraints on a triangle and determine what classifications must apply to the triangle. 5 Minute Preview
Concurrent Lines, Medians, and Altitudes
Explore the relationships between perpendicular bisectors, the circumscribed circle, angle bisectors, the inscribed circle, altitudes, and medians using a triangle that can be resized and reshaped. 5 Minute Preview
Isosceles and Equilateral Triangles
Investigate the graph of a triangle under constraints. Determine which constraints guarantee isosceles or equilateral triangles. 5 Minute Preview
Triangle Inequalities
Discover the inequalities related to the side lengths and angle measures of a triangle. Reshape and resize the triangle to confirm that these properties are true for all triangles. 5 Minute Preview
G.1.2.1.4: : Identify and/or use properties of regular polygons.
Polygon Angle Sum
Derive the sum of the angles of a polygon by dividing the polygon into triangles and summing their angles. Vary the number of sides and determine how the sum of the angles changes. Dilate the polygon to see that the sum is unchanged. 5 Minute Preview
G.1.2.1.5: : Identify and/or use properties of pyramids and prisms.
Prisms and Cylinders
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a prism or cylinder and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of an oblique prism or cylinder to the volume of a right prism or cylinder. 5 Minute Preview
Pyramids and Cones
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a pyramid or cone and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of a skew pyramid or cone to the volume of a right pyramid or cone. 5 Minute Preview
Surface and Lateral Areas of Prisms and Cylinders
Vary the dimensions of a prism or cylinder and investigate how the surface area changes. Use the dynamic net of the solid to compute the lateral area and the surface area of the solid. 5 Minute Preview
Surface and Lateral Areas of Pyramids and Cones
Vary the dimensions of a pyramid or cone and investigate how the surface area changes. Use the dynamic net of the solid to compute the lateral area and the surface area of the solid. 5 Minute Preview
G.1.3: : Congruence, Similarity, and Proofs
G.1.3.1: : Use properties of congruence, correspondence, and similarity in problem-solving settings involving two- and three-dimensional figures.
G.1.3.1.1: : Identify and/or use properties of congruent and similar polygons or solids.
Perimeters and Areas of Similar Figures
Manipulate two similar figures and vary the scale factor to see what changes are possible under similarity. Explore how the perimeters and areas of two similar figures compare. 5 Minute Preview
Proving Triangles Congruent
Apply constraints to two triangles. Then drag the vertices of the triangles around and determine which constraints guarantee congruence. 5 Minute Preview
Similar Figures
Vary the scale factor and rotation of an image and compare it to the preimage. Determine how the angle measures and side lengths of the two figures are related. 5 Minute Preview
Similarity in Right Triangles
Divide a right triangle at the altitude to the hypotenuse to get two similar right triangles. Explore the relationship between the two triangles. 5 Minute Preview
G.1.3.1.2: : Identify and/or use proportional relationships in similar figures.
Perimeters and Areas of Similar Figures
Manipulate two similar figures and vary the scale factor to see what changes are possible under similarity. Explore how the perimeters and areas of two similar figures compare. 5 Minute Preview
Similarity in Right Triangles
Divide a right triangle at the altitude to the hypotenuse to get two similar right triangles. Explore the relationship between the two triangles. 5 Minute Preview
G.1.3.2: : Write formal proofs and/or use logic statements to construct or validate arguments.
G.1.3.2.1: : Write, analyze, complete, or identify formal proofs (e.g., direct and/or indirect proofs/proofs by contradiction).
Investigating Angle Theorems
Explore the properties of complementary, supplementary, vertical, and adjacent angles using a dynamic figure. 5 Minute Preview
Isosceles and Equilateral Triangles
Investigate the graph of a triangle under constraints. Determine which constraints guarantee isosceles or equilateral triangles. 5 Minute Preview
Pythagorean Theorem
Explore the Pythagorean Theorem using a dynamic right triangle. Examine a visual, geometric application of the Pythagorean Theorem, using the areas of squares on the sides of the triangle. 5 Minute Preview
G.2: : Coordinate Geometry and Measurement
G.2.1: : Coordinate Geometry and Right Triangles
G.2.1.1: : Solve problems involving right triangles.
G.2.1.1.1: : Use the Pythagorean theorem to write and/or solve problems involving right triangles.
Cosine Function
Compare the graph of the cosine function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the cosine curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
Distance Formula
Explore the distance formula as an application of the Pythagorean theorem. Learn to see any two points as the endpoints of the hypotenuse of a right triangle. Drag those points and examine changes to the triangle and the distance calculation. 5 Minute Preview
Pythagorean Theorem
Explore the Pythagorean Theorem using a dynamic right triangle. Examine a visual, geometric application of the Pythagorean Theorem, using the areas of squares on the sides of the triangle. 5 Minute Preview
Pythagorean Theorem with a Geoboard
Build right triangles in an interactive geoboard and build squares on the sides of the triangles to discover the Pythagorean Theorem. 5 Minute Preview
Sine Function
Compare the graph of the sine function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the sine curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
G.2.1.1.2: : Use trigonometric ratios to write and/or solve problems involving right triangles.
Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Ratios
Reshape and resize a right triangle and examine how the sine of angle A, the cosine of angle A, and the tangent of angle A change. 5 Minute Preview
G.2.1.2: : Solve problems using analytic geometry.
G.2.1.2.1: : Calculate the distance and/or midpoint between two points on a number line or on a coordinate plane.
Circles
Compare the graph of a circle with its equation. Vary the terms in the equation and explore how the circle is translated and scaled in response. 5 Minute Preview
Distance Formula
Explore the distance formula as an application of the Pythagorean theorem. Learn to see any two points as the endpoints of the hypotenuse of a right triangle. Drag those points and examine changes to the triangle and the distance calculation. 5 Minute Preview
Points in the Coordinate Plane
Identify the coordinates of a point in the coordinate plane. Drag the point in the plane and investigate how the coordinates change in response. 5 Minute Preview
G.2.1.2.2: : Relate slope to perpendicularity and/or parallelism (limit to linear algebraic equations).
Cat and Mouse (Modeling with Linear Systems)
Experiment with a system of two lines representing a cat-and-mouse chase. Adjust the speeds of the cat and mouse and the head start of the mouse, and immediately see the effects on the graph and on the chase. Connect real-world meaning to slope, y-intercept, and the intersection of lines. 5 Minute Preview
Cat and Mouse (Modeling with Linear Systems) - Metric
Experiment with a system of two lines representing a cat-and-mouse chase. Adjust the speeds of the cat and mouse and the head start of the mouse, and immediately see the effects on the graph and on the chase. Connect real-world meaning to slope, y-intercept, and the intersection of lines. 5 Minute Preview
Solving Linear Systems (Slope-Intercept Form)
Solve systems of linear equations, given in slope-intercept form, both graphically and algebraically. Use a draggable green point to examine what it means for an
G.2.2: : Measurements of Two-Dimensional Shapes and Figures
G.2.2.1: : Use and/or compare measurements of angles.
G.2.2.1.1: : Use properties of angles formed by intersecting lines to find the measures of missing angles.
Investigating Angle Theorems
Explore the properties of complementary, supplementary, vertical, and adjacent angles using a dynamic figure. 5 Minute Preview
Triangle Angle Sum
Measure the interior angles of a triangle and find the sum. Examine whether that sum is the same for all triangles. Also, discover how the measure of an exterior angle relates to the interior angle measures. 5 Minute Preview
G.2.2.1.2: : Use properties of angles formed when two parallel lines are cut by a transversal to find the measures of missing angles.
Constructing Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Construct parallel and perpendicular lines using a straightedge and compass. Use step-by-step explanations and feedback to develop understanding of the construction. 5 Minute Preview
Triangle Angle Sum
Measure the interior angles of a triangle and find the sum. Examine whether that sum is the same for all triangles. Also, discover how the measure of an exterior angle relates to the interior angle measures. 5 Minute Preview
G.2.2.2: : Use and/or develop procedures to determine or describe measures of perimeter, circumference, and/or area. (May require conversions within the same system.)
G.2.2.2.2: : Find the measurement of a missing length, given the perimeter, circumference, or area.
Area of Parallelograms
Examine and manipulate a parallelogram and find its area. Explore the relationship between the area of a parallelogram and the area of a rectangle using an animation. 5 Minute Preview
Area of Triangles
Use a dynamic triangle to explore the area of a triangle. With the help of an animation, see that any triangle is always half of a parallelogram (with the same base and height). Likewise, a similar animation shows the connection between parallelograms and rectangles. 5 Minute Preview
Circumference and Area of Circles
Resize a circle and compare its radius, circumference, and area. 5 Minute Preview
Perimeter and Area of Rectangles
Discover how to find the perimeter and area of a rectangle, and of a square (which is really just a special case of a rectangle). 5 Minute Preview
G.2.2.2.3: : Find the side lengths of a polygon with a given perimeter to maximize the area of the polygon.
Perimeter and Area of Rectangles
Discover how to find the perimeter and area of a rectangle, and of a square (which is really just a special case of a rectangle). 5 Minute Preview
G.2.2.3: : Describe how a change in one dimension of a two-dimensional figure affects other measurements of that figure.
G.2.2.3.1: : Describe how a change in the linear dimension of a figure affects its perimeter, circumference, and area (e.g., How does changing the length of the radius of a circle affect the circumference of the circle?).
Circumference and Area of Circles
Resize a circle and compare its radius, circumference, and area. 5 Minute Preview
Perimeter and Area of Rectangles
Discover how to find the perimeter and area of a rectangle, and of a square (which is really just a special case of a rectangle). 5 Minute Preview
G.2.2.4: : Apply probability to practical situations.
G.2.2.4.1: : Use area models to find probabilities.
Geometric Probability
Randomly throw darts at a target and see what percent are "hits." Vary the size of the target and repeat the experiment. Study the relationship between the area of the target and the percent of darts that strike it 5 Minute Preview
G.2.3: : Measurements of Three-Dimensional Shapes and Figures
G.2.3.1: : Use and/or develop procedures to determine or describe measures of surface area and/or volume. (May require conversions within the same system.)
G.2.3.1.1: : Calculate the surface area of prisms, cylinders, cones, pyramids, and/or spheres. Formulas are provided on a reference sheet.
Surface and Lateral Areas of Prisms and Cylinders
Vary the dimensions of a prism or cylinder and investigate how the surface area changes. Use the dynamic net of the solid to compute the lateral area and the surface area of the solid. 5 Minute Preview
Surface and Lateral Areas of Pyramids and Cones
Vary the dimensions of a pyramid or cone and investigate how the surface area changes. Use the dynamic net of the solid to compute the lateral area and the surface area of the solid. 5 Minute Preview
G.2.3.1.2: : Calculate the volume of prisms, cylinders, cones, pyramids, and/or spheres. Formulas are provided on a reference sheet.
Measuring Volume
Measure the volume of liquids and solids using beakers, graduated cylinders, overflow cups, and rulers. Water can be poured from one container to another and objects can be added to containers. A pipette can be used to transfer small amounts of water, and a magnifier can be used to observe the meniscus in a graduated cylinder. Test your volume-measurement skills in the "Practice" mode of the Gizmo. 5 Minute Preview
Prisms and Cylinders
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a prism or cylinder and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of an oblique prism or cylinder to the volume of a right prism or cylinder. 5 Minute Preview
Pyramids and Cones
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a pyramid or cone and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of a skew pyramid or cone to the volume of a right pyramid or cone. 5 Minute Preview
G.2.3.1.3: : Find the measurement of a missing length given the surface area or volume.
Prisms and Cylinders
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a prism or cylinder and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of an oblique prism or cylinder to the volume of a right prism or cylinder. 5 Minute Preview
Pyramids and Cones
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a pyramid or cone and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of a skew pyramid or cone to the volume of a right pyramid or cone. 5 Minute Preview
G.2.3.2: : Describe how a change in one dimension of a three-dimensional figure affects other measurements of that figure.
G.2.3.2.1: : Describe how a change in the linear dimension of a figure affects its surface area or volume (e.g., How does changing the length of the edge of a cube affect the volume of the cube?).
Prisms and Cylinders
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a prism or cylinder and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of an oblique prism or cylinder to the volume of a right prism or cylinder. 5 Minute Preview
Pyramids and Cones
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a pyramid or cone and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of a skew pyramid or cone to the volume of a right pyramid or cone. 5 Minute Preview
Surface and Lateral Areas of Prisms and Cylinders
Vary the dimensions of a prism or cylinder and investigate how the surface area changes. Use the dynamic net of the solid to compute the lateral area and the surface area of the solid. 5 Minute Preview
Surface and Lateral Areas of Pyramids and Cones
Vary the dimensions of a pyramid or cone and investigate how the surface area changes. Use the dynamic net of the solid to compute the lateral area and the surface area of the solid. 5 Minute Preview
Correlation last revised: 7/13/2022
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