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- Mathematics: 8th Grade
Ontario - Mathematics: 8th Grade
Ontario Curriculum | Adopted: 2020
A: : Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) Skills in Mathematics and the Mathematical Processes
A1: : Throughout this grade, in order to promote a positive identity as a math learner, to foster well-being and the ability to learn, build resilience, and thrive, students will: apply, to the best of their ability, a variety of social-emotional learning skills to support their use of the mathematical processes and their learning in connection with the expectations in the other five strands of the mathematics curriculum
1.1.2: : … as they apply the mathematical processes:
A1.MP.2: : reasoning and proving: develop and apply reasoning skills (e.g., classification, recognition of relationships, use of counter-examples) to justify thinking, make and investigate conjectures, and construct and defend arguments
Biconditional Statements
Make a biconditional statement from a given definition using word tiles. Use both symbolic form and standard English form. 5 Minute Preview
Conditional Statements
Make a conditional statement from a given fact using word tiles. Use both symbolic form and standard English form. 5 Minute Preview
B: : Number
B1: : By the end of each grade, students will: demonstrate an understanding of numbers and make connections to the way numbers are used in everyday life
2.1.1: : Rational and Irrational Numbers
B1.1: : By the end of each grade, students will: represent and compare very large and very small numbers, including through the use of scientific notation, and describe various ways they are used in everyday life
Number Systems
Explore number systems and convert numbers from one base to another using counter beads in place-value columns. 5 Minute Preview
B1.2: : By the end of each grade, students will: describe, compare, and order numbers in the real number system (rational and irrational numbers), separately and in combination, in various contexts
Comparing and Ordering Decimals
Use grids to model decimal numbers and compare them graphically. Then compare the numbers on a number line. 5 Minute Preview
Modeling Decimals (Area and Grid Models)
Model and compare decimals using area models. Set the number of sections in each model to 1, 10, or 100, and then click in the models to shade sections. Compare decimals visually and on a number line. 5 Minute Preview
Ordering Percents, Fractions, and Decimals Greater Than 1
Compare and order numbers greater than 1 using area grids and a number line. Examine the numbers represented as percents, improper fractions, and decimals. 5 Minute Preview
Rational Numbers, Opposites, and Absolute Values
Use a number line to compare rational numbers. Change values by dragging points on the number line. Compare the opposites and absolute values of the numbers. 5 Minute Preview
B1.3: : By the end of each grade, students will: estimate and calculate square roots, in various contexts
Ordering and Approximating Square Roots
Order square roots on a number line. Approximate the square roots using the side lengths of square regions in a grid. 5 Minute Preview
Square Roots
Explore the meaning of square roots using an area model. Use the side length of a square to find the square root of a decimal number or a whole number. 5 Minute Preview
2.1.2: : Fractions, Decimals, and Percents
B1.4: : By the end of each grade, students will: use fractions, decimal numbers, and percents, including percents of more than 100% or less than 1%, interchangeably and flexibly to solve a variety of problems
Fraction, Decimal, Percent (Area and Grid Models)
Model and compare fractions, decimals, and percents using area models. Each area model can have 10 or 100 sections and can be set to display a fraction, decimal, or percent. Click inside the area models to shade them. Compare the numbers visually or on a number line. 5 Minute Preview
Part-to-part and Part-to-whole Ratios
Compare a ratio represented by an area with its percent, fraction, and decimal forms. 5 Minute Preview
Percent of Change
Apply markups and discounts using interactive "percent rulers." Improve number sense for percents with this dynamic, visual tool. Reinforce the original cost (or original price) as the baseline for percent calculations. 5 Minute Preview
Percents and Proportions
Find a part from the percent and whole, a percent from the part and whole, or a whole from the part and percent using a graphic model. 5 Minute Preview
Percents, Fractions, and Decimals
Compare a quantity represented by an area with its percent, fraction, and decimal forms. 5 Minute Preview
B2: : By the end of each grade, students will: use knowledge of numbers and operations to solve mathematical problems encountered in everyday life
2.2.1: : Properties and Relationships
B2.1: : By the end of each grade, students will: use the properties and order of operations, and the relationships between operations, to solve problems involving rational numbers, ratios, rates, and percents, including those requiring multiple steps or multiple operations
Adding and Subtracting Integers
Add and subtract integers on a number line using dynamic arrows. 5 Minute Preview
Adding on the Number Line
Add real numbers using dynamic arrows on a number line. Find the sum of the numbers at the end of the final arrow. Compare the numerical calculation. 5 Minute Preview
Order of Operations
Select and evaluate the operations in an expression following the correct order of operations. 5 Minute Preview
Part-to-part and Part-to-whole Ratios
Compare a ratio represented by an area with its percent, fraction, and decimal forms. 5 Minute Preview
Percent of Change
Apply markups and discounts using interactive "percent rulers." Improve number sense for percents with this dynamic, visual tool. Reinforce the original cost (or original price) as the baseline for percent calculations. 5 Minute Preview
Percents and Proportions
Find a part from the percent and whole, a percent from the part and whole, or a whole from the part and percent using a graphic model. 5 Minute Preview
Proportions and Common Multipliers
Complete a proportion using a graphical model. Use counters to fill cells in the numerators and denominators given. Use the visual pattern to determine how many counters to put in the missing numerator or denominator. 5 Minute Preview
2.2.2: : Math Facts
B2.2: : By the end of each grade, students will: understand and recall commonly used square numbers and their square roots
Ordering and Approximating Square Roots
Order square roots on a number line. Approximate the square roots using the side lengths of square regions in a grid. 5 Minute Preview
Square Roots
Explore the meaning of square roots using an area model. Use the side length of a square to find the square root of a decimal number or a whole number. 5 Minute Preview
2.2.4: : Addition and Subtraction
B2.4: : By the end of each grade, students will: add and subtract integers, using appropriate strategies, in various contexts
Adding and Subtracting Integers
Add and subtract integers on a number line using dynamic arrows. 5 Minute Preview
Adding and Subtracting Integers with Chips
Use chips to model addition and subtraction of positives and negatives. Explore the effect of zero pairs. See how to use zero pairs to help special cases of addition and subtraction. 5 Minute Preview
Adding on the Number Line
Add real numbers using dynamic arrows on a number line. Find the sum of the numbers at the end of the final arrow. Compare the numerical calculation. 5 Minute Preview
B2.5: : By the end of each grade, students will: add and subtract fractions, using appropriate strategies, in various contexts
Adding Fractions (Fraction Tiles)
Add fractions with the help of the Fractionator, a fraction-tile-making machine in the Gizmo. Model sums by placing the tiles on side-by-side number lines. Explore the usefulness of common denominators in adding. Express sums as improper fractions or mixed numbers. 5 Minute Preview
Fractions Greater than One (Fraction Tiles)
Explore fractions greater than one with the Fractionator, a fraction-tile-making machine in the Gizmo. Create sums of fraction tiles on two number lines. Sums greater than one are shown as improper fractions on the top number line, and as mixed numbers on the bottom number line. 5 Minute Preview
Fractions with Unlike Denominators
Find the sum or difference of two fractions with unlike denominators using graphic models. Find the least common denominator graphically. 5 Minute Preview
Improper Fractions and Mixed Numbers
Represent a quantity given by a shaded region as an improper fraction and as a mixed number. Experiment with different shaded regions sliced differently. 5 Minute Preview
2.2.5: : Multiplication and Division
B2.6: : By the end of each grade, students will: multiply and divide fractions by fractions, as well as by whole numbers and mixed numbers, in various contexts
Dividing Fractions
Divide fractions using area models. Adjust the numerators and denominators of the divisor and dividend and see how the area model and calculation change. 5 Minute Preview
Dividing Mixed Numbers
Choose the correct steps to divide mixed numbers. Use step-by-step feedback to diagnose and correct incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview
Multiplying Fractions
Multiply two fractions using an area model. Vary the vertical area to change one fraction and vary the horizontal area to change the other. Then examine the intersection of the areas to find the product. 5 Minute Preview
Multiplying Mixed Numbers
Choose the correct steps to multiply mixed numbers. Use the step-by-step feedback to diagnose incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview
B2.8: : By the end of each grade, students will: compare proportional situations and determine unknown values in proportional situations, and apply proportional reasoning to solve problems in various contexts
Percent of Change
Apply markups and discounts using interactive "percent rulers." Improve number sense for percents with this dynamic, visual tool. Reinforce the original cost (or original price) as the baseline for percent calculations. 5 Minute Preview
Percents and Proportions
Find a part from the percent and whole, a percent from the part and whole, or a whole from the part and percent using a graphic model. 5 Minute Preview
C: : Algebra
C1: : By the end of each grade, students will: identify, describe, extend, create, and make predictions about a variety of patterns, including those found in real-life contexts
3.1.1: : Patterns
C1.1: : By the end of each grade, students will: identify and compare a variety of repeating, growing, and shrinking patterns, including patterns found in real-life contexts, and compare linear growing and shrinking patterns on the basis of their constant rates and initial values
Finding Patterns
Build a pattern to complete a sequence of patterns. Study a sequence of three patterns of squares in a grid and build the fourth pattern of the sequence in a grid. 5 Minute Preview
Pattern Flip (Patterns)
In the Pattern Flip carnival game, you are shown a pattern of cards. The first cards are face-up so you can see the pattern, and the rest are face-down. Can you guess which animals are on the face-down cards? Use one of the preset patterns, or make your own custom pattern. Good luck! 5 Minute Preview
C2: : By the end of each grade, students will: demonstrate an understanding of variables, expressions, equalities, and inequalities, and apply this understanding in various contexts
3.2.1: : Variables and Expressions
C2.1: : By the end of each grade, students will: add and subtract monomials with a degree of 1, and add binomials with a degree of 1 that involve integers, using tools
Simplifying Algebraic Expressions II
Will you adopt Spidro, Centeon, or Ping Bee? They're three very different critters with one thing in common: a hunger for simplified algebraic expressions! Learn how the distributive property can be used to combine variable terms, producing expressions that will help your pet grow up healthy and strong. You'll become a pro at identifying terms that can be combined – even terms with exponents and multiple variables. With enough practice, you and your pet will be ready for the competitive expression eating circuit. Good luck! 5 Minute Preview
3.2.2: : Equalities and Inequalities
C2.3: : By the end of each grade, students will: solve equations that involve multiple terms, integers, and decimal numbers in various contexts, and verify solutions
Modeling and Solving Two-Step Equations
Solve a two-step equation using a cup-and-counter model. Use step-by-step feedback to diagnose and correct incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview
Solving Algebraic Equations I
Are there times when you wish you could escape from everyone and just be alone? Meet our variable friend, a real loner who doesn't like coefficients and neighboring terms. Learn how to use inverses to isolate a variable – a foundational skill for solving algebraic equations. 5 Minute Preview
Solving Algebraic Equations II
Is solving equations tricky? If you know how to isolate a variable, you're halfway there. The other half? Don't do anything to upset the balance of an equation. Join our plucky variable friend as he encounters algebraic equations and a (sometimes grumpy) equal sign. With a little practice, you'll find that solving equations isn't tricky at all. 5 Minute Preview
Solving Equations on the Number Line
Solve an equation involving decimals using dynamic arrows on a number line. 5 Minute Preview
Solving Two-Step Equations
Choose the correct steps to solve a two-step equation. Use the feedback to diagnose incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview
C2.4: : By the end of each grade, students will: solve inequalities that involve integers, and verify and graph the solutions
Exploring Linear Inequalities in One Variable
Solve inequalities in one variable. Examine the inequality on a number line and determine which points are solutions to the inequality. 5 Minute Preview
Solving Linear Inequalities in One Variable
Solve one-step inequalities in one variable. Graph the solution on a number line. 5 Minute Preview
D: : Data
D1: : By the end of each grade, students will: manage, analyse, and use data to make convincing arguments and informed decisions, in various contexts drawn from real life
4.1.1: : Data Collection and Organization
D1.2: : By the end of each grade, students will: collect continuous data to answer questions of interest involving two variables, and organize the data sets as appropriate in a table of values
Solving Using Trend Lines
Examine the scatter plots for data related to weather at different latitudes. The Gizmo includes three different data sets, one with negative correlation, one positive, and one with no correlation. Compare the least squares best-fit line. 5 Minute Preview
4.1.2: : Data Visualization
D1.3: : By the end of each grade, students will: select from among a variety of graphs, including scatter plots, the type of graph best suited to represent various sets of data; display the data in the graphs with proper sources, titles, and labels, and appropriate scales; and justify their choice of graphs
Graphing Skills
Create a graph (bar graph, line graph, pie chart, or scatter plot) based on a given data set. Title the graph, label the axes, and choose a scale. Adjust the graph to fit the data, and then check your accuracy. The Gizmo can also be used to create a data table based on a given graph. 5 Minute Preview
D1.4: : By the end of each grade, students will: create an infographic about a data set, representing the data in appropriate ways, including in tables and scatter plots, and incorporating any other relevant information that helps to tell a story about the data
Graphing Skills
Create a graph (bar graph, line graph, pie chart, or scatter plot) based on a given data set. Title the graph, label the axes, and choose a scale. Adjust the graph to fit the data, and then check your accuracy. The Gizmo can also be used to create a data table based on a given graph. 5 Minute Preview
Mascot Election (Pictographs and Bar Graphs)
A brand new school is opening and it is time to elect the school mascot! Students can choose the Eagle, Lion, Bear, or Wolf. Voting results can be displayed in a table, tally chart, pictograph, bar graph, circle graph, or dot plot. You can change student votes by selecting a group of students and clicking a mascot. 5 Minute Preview
Reaction Time 1 (Graphs and Statistics)
Test your reaction time by catching a falling ruler or clicking a target. Create a data set of experiment results, and calculate the range, mode, median, and mean of your data. Data can be displayed on a list, table, bar graph or dot plot. The Reaction Time 1 Student Exploration focuses on range, mode, and median. 5 Minute Preview
Stem-and-Leaf Plots
Build a data set and compare the line plot of the data set to the stem-and-leaf plot. 5 Minute Preview
4.1.3: : Data Analysis
D1.5: : By the end of each grade, students will: use mathematical language, including the terms “strong”, “weak”, “none”, “positive”, and “negative”, to describe the relationship between two variables for various data sets with and without outliers
Trends in Scatter Plots
Examine the scatter plot for a random data set with negative or positive correlation. Vary the correlation and explore how correlation is reflected in the scatter plot and the trend line. 5 Minute Preview
D1.6: : By the end of each grade, students will: analyse different sets of data presented in various ways, including in scatter plots and in misleading graphs, by asking and answering questions about the data, challenging preconceived notions, and drawing conclusions, then make convincing arguments and informed decisions
Graphing Skills
Create a graph (bar graph, line graph, pie chart, or scatter plot) based on a given data set. Title the graph, label the axes, and choose a scale. Adjust the graph to fit the data, and then check your accuracy. The Gizmo can also be used to create a data table based on a given graph. 5 Minute Preview
Solving Using Trend Lines
Examine the scatter plots for data related to weather at different latitudes. The Gizmo includes three different data sets, one with negative correlation, one positive, and one with no correlation. Compare the least squares best-fit line. 5 Minute Preview
Stem-and-Leaf Plots
Build a data set and compare the line plot of the data set to the stem-and-leaf plot. 5 Minute Preview
Trends in Scatter Plots
Examine the scatter plot for a random data set with negative or positive correlation. Vary the correlation and explore how correlation is reflected in the scatter plot and the trend line. 5 Minute Preview
D2: : By the end of each grade, students will: describe the likelihood that events will happen, and use that information to make predictions
4.2.1: : Probability
D2.1: : By the end of each grade, students will: solve various problems that involve probability, using appropriate tools and strategies, including Venn and tree diagrams
Geometric Probability
Randomly throw darts at a target and see what percent are "hits." Vary the size of the target and repeat the experiment. Study the relationship between the area of the target and the percent of darts that strike it 5 Minute Preview
Lucky Duck (Expected Value)
Pick a duck, win a prize! Help Arnie the carnie design his game so that he makes money (or at least breaks even). How many ducks of each type should there be? What are the prizes worth? How much should he charge to play? Lucky Duck is a fun way to learn about probabilities and expected value. 5 Minute Preview
Probability Simulations
Experiment with spinners and compare the experimental probability of particular outcomes to the theoretical probability. Select the number of spinners, the number of sections on a spinner, and a favorable outcome of a spin. Then tally the number of favorable outcomes. 5 Minute Preview
Spin the Big Wheel! (Probability)
Step right up! Spin the big wheel! Each spin can result in no prize, a small prize, or a big prize. The wheel can be spun by 1, 10, or 100 players. Results are recorded on a frequency table or a circle graph. You can also design your own wheel and a sign that describes the probabilities for your wheel. 5 Minute Preview
Theoretical and Experimental Probability
Experiment with spinners and compare the experimental probability of a particular outcome to the theoretical probability. Select the number of spinners, the number of sections on a spinner, and a favorable outcome of a spin. Then tally the number of favorable outcomes. 5 Minute Preview
D2.2: : By the end of each grade, students will: determine and compare the theoretical and experimental probabilities of multiple independent events happening and of multiple dependent events happening
Independent and Dependent Events
Compare the theoretical and experimental probabilities of drawing colored marbles from a bag. Record results of successive draws to find the experimental probability. Perform the drawings with replacement of the marbles to study independent events, or without replacement to explore dependent events. 5 Minute Preview
E: : Spatial Sense
E1: : By the end of each grade, students will: describe and represent shape, location, and movement by applying geometric properties and spatial relationships in order to navigate the world around them
5.1.1: : Geometric Reasoning
E1.2: : By the end of each grade, students will: make objects and models using appropriate scales, given their top, front, and side views or their perspective views
3D and Orthographic Views
Arrange blocks in a three-dimensional space so that the top view, front view, and side view match the target top view, front view, and side view. 5 Minute Preview
E1.3: : By the end of each grade, students will: use scale drawings to calculate actual lengths and areas, and reproduce scale drawings at different ratios
Perimeters and Areas of Similar Figures
Manipulate two similar figures and vary the scale factor to see what changes are possible under similarity. Explore how the perimeters and areas of two similar figures compare. 5 Minute Preview
5.1.2: : Location and Movement
E1.4: : By the end of each grade, students will: describe and perform translations, reflections, rotations, and dilations on a Cartesian plane, and predict the results of these transformations
Dilations
Dilate a figure and investigate its resized image. See how scaling a figure affects the coordinates of its vertices, both in
Reflections
Reshape and resize a figure and examine how its reflection changes in response. Move the line of reflection and explore how the reflection is translated. 5 Minute Preview
Rotations, Reflections, and Translations
Rotate, reflect, and translate a figure in the plane. Compare the translated figure to the original figure. 5 Minute Preview
Translations
Translate a figure horizontally and vertically in the plane and examine the matrix representation of the translation. 5 Minute Preview
E2: : By the end of each grade, students will: compare, estimate, and determine measurements in various contexts
5.2.1: : The Metric System
E2.1: : By the end of each grade, students will: represent very large (mega, giga, tera) and very small (micro, nano, pico) metric units using models, base ten relationships, and exponential notation
Unit Conversions 2 - Scientific Notation and Significant Digits
Use the Unit Conversions Gizmo to explore the concepts of scientific notation and significant digits. Convert numbers to and from scientific notation. Determine the number of significant digits in a measured value and in a calculation. 5 Minute Preview
5.2.2: : Lines and Angles
E2.2: : By the end of each grade, students will: solve problems involving angle properties, including the properties of intersecting and parallel lines and of polygons
Classifying Quadrilaterals
Apply constraints to a quadrilateral, and then reshape and resize it. Classify the figure by its constraints. Explore the differences between the different kinds of quadrilaterals. 5 Minute Preview
Investigating Angle Theorems
Explore the properties of complementary, supplementary, vertical, and adjacent angles using a dynamic figure. 5 Minute Preview
Parallelogram Conditions
Apply constraints to a dynamic quadrilateral. Then drag its vertices around. Determine which constraints guarantee that the quadrilateral is always a parallelogram. 5 Minute Preview
Special Parallelograms
Apply constraints to a parallelogram and experiment with the resulting figure. What type of shape can you be sure that you have under each condition? 5 Minute Preview
Triangle Angle Sum
Measure the interior angles of a triangle and find the sum. Examine whether that sum is the same for all triangles. Also, discover how the measure of an exterior angle relates to the interior angle measures. 5 Minute Preview
5.2.3: : Length, Area, and Volume
E2.3: : By the end of each grade, students will: solve problems involving the perimeter, circumference, area, volume, and surface area of composite two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional objects, using appropriate formulas
Area of Triangles
Use a dynamic triangle to explore the area of a triangle. With the help of an animation, see that any triangle is always half of a parallelogram (with the same base and height). Likewise, a similar animation shows the connection between parallelograms and rectangles. 5 Minute Preview
Prisms and Cylinders
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a prism or cylinder and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of an oblique prism or cylinder to the volume of a right prism or cylinder. 5 Minute Preview
Pyramids and Cones
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a pyramid or cone and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of a skew pyramid or cone to the volume of a right pyramid or cone. 5 Minute Preview
Surface and Lateral Areas of Prisms and Cylinders
Vary the dimensions of a prism or cylinder and investigate how the surface area changes. Use the dynamic net of the solid to compute the lateral area and the surface area of the solid. 5 Minute Preview
Surface and Lateral Areas of Pyramids and Cones
Vary the dimensions of a pyramid or cone and investigate how the surface area changes. Use the dynamic net of the solid to compute the lateral area and the surface area of the solid. 5 Minute Preview
E2.4: : By the end of each grade, students will: describe the Pythagorean relationship using various geometric models, and apply the theorem to solve problems involving an unknown side length for a given right triangle
Pythagorean Theorem
Explore the Pythagorean Theorem using a dynamic right triangle. Examine a visual, geometric application of the Pythagorean Theorem, using the areas of squares on the sides of the triangle. 5 Minute Preview
Pythagorean Theorem with a Geoboard
Build right triangles in an interactive geoboard and build squares on the sides of the triangles to discover the Pythagorean Theorem. 5 Minute Preview
Correlation last revised: 5/18/2021
About STEM Cases
Students assume the role of a scientist trying to solve a real world problem. They use scientific practices to collect and analyze data, and form and test a hypothesis as they solve the problems.
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