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Texas - Science: 6th Grade
Essential Knowledge and Skills (Implemented Fall 2024) | Adopted: 2021
6.1: Scientific and engineering practices. The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, asks questions, identifies problems, and plans and safely conducts classroom, laboratory, and field investigations to answer questions, explain phenomena, or design solutions using appropriate tools and models.
6.1.A: The student is expected to: ask questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations;
Coral Reefs 2 - Biotic Factors
In this followup to the Coral Reefs 1 - Abiotic Factors activity, investigate the impacts of fishing, disease, and invasive species on a model Caribbean coral reef. Many variables can be manipulated, included intensity of fishing, presence of black band and white band disease, and the presence of actual and potential invasive species. Click "Advance year" to see the impacts of these biotic changes. 5 Minute Preview
Microbiologist Mission: Reducing River Runoff and Pollution - Middle School
People are getting sick after swimming in the Dogwood River. The student acts as a microbiologist to monitor bacteria populations, construct a model of how pollution enters the river, and design a sustainable solution to minimize human impacts on the Dogwood River watershed. Video Preview
6.1.B: The student is expected to: use scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive, comparative, and experimental investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems;
Seasons: Earth, Moon, and Sun
Observe the motions of the Earth, Moon and Sun in three dimensions to explain Sunrise and Sunset, and to see how we define a day, a month, and a year. Compare times of Sunrise and Sunset for different dates and locations. Relate shadows to the position of the Sun in the sky, and relate shadows to compass directions. 5 Minute Preview
Tides - Metric
Gain an understanding of high, low, spring, and neap tides on Earth by observing the tidal heights and the position of the Earth, Moon, and Sun. Tidal bulges can be observed from space, and water depths can be recorded from a dock by the ocean. 5 Minute Preview
Ecosystems - Middle School
As a national park ranger, students must restore the ecosystem of a park back to normal. They interact with populations of many organisms including wolves, deer and bees. Students learn the importance of food chains and webs, and how human factors can impact the health of an environment. Video Preview
Chemical and Physical Changes - Middle School
The Secret Service recently arrested suspects accused of counterfeiting coins from 1915 valued at $50,000 each. The students act as a forensic scientist to investigate the crime scene and the evidence. Students learn about chemical and physical changes to recreate the methods used to make the coins as evidence for the trial. Video Preview
Fruit Production - Middle School
As an agricultural scientist, students help a strawberry farmer who is having problems with low fruit production. Students learn about the factors involved in fruit production including plant nutrients, pollination and bees, and the interaction with the environment. Video Preview
Microbiologist Mission: Reducing River Runoff and Pollution - Middle School
People are getting sick after swimming in the Dogwood River. The student acts as a microbiologist to monitor bacteria populations, construct a model of how pollution enters the river, and design a sustainable solution to minimize human impacts on the Dogwood River watershed. Video Preview
Causes of Seasons: Training for Gold
In this multi-part investigation, students follow Arban, an Olympic-hopeful snowboarder in Mongolia, as he searches for the perfect year-round training plan. Students will explore climates in different parts of the world, learning that seasons in the Southern Hemisphere are the opposite of seasons in the Northern Hemisphere. Students will then gather data on day length, height of the Sun, and solar intensity to see how variations in these factors relate to seasonal temperature changes. Finally, students will compare two proposed models of seasonal changes, a distance model and a tilted axis model, and use their data to determine what causes seasons on Earth. Preview
Causes of Seasons: Summer Down Under
Noor is an exchange student who will spend the year in Sydney, Australia. When she gets there in June, she is surprised about how chilly the weather is! June is the start of winter in Australia, and Noor and her brother Ahmed are determined to learn why. In this standalone lesson, students will gather data on day length, solar intensity, and temperature in New York and Sydney, then compare two proposed models to determine why seasons in Australia are the opposite of seasons in New York. Preview
Causes of Seasons: Mystery of the Midnight Sun
Ava is a university student from Miami who is studying climate and seasons in the Arctic. She is struck by how extreme seasons are in the Arctic compared to the much milder seasonal changes at home. In this standalone lesson, students will gather and compare data on day length and solar intensity in the two locations to explain why the Arctic experiences much larger seasonal changes than areas closer to the equator. Students will use a model of Earth's tilted axis to explain why some regions experience 24 hours of daylight in the summer and zero hours of daylight in the winter. Preview
6.1.D: The student is expected to: use appropriate tools such as graduated cylinders, metric rulers, periodic tables, balances, scales, thermometers, temperature probes, laboratory ware, timing devices, pH indicators, hot plates, models, microscopes, slides, life science models, petri dishes, dissecting kits, magnets, spring scales or force sensors, tools that model wave behavior, satellite images, hand lenses, and lab notebooks or journals;
Triple Beam Balance
Learn how to determine the mass of an object using a triple beam balance. The mass of a variety of objects can be determined using this simulated version of a common real-world laboratory tool for measurement. 5 Minute Preview
Density
Measure the mass and volume of a variety of objects, then place them into a beaker of liquid to see if they float or sink. Learn to predict whether objects will float or sink in water based on their mass and volume. Compare how objects float or sink in a variety of liquids, including gasoline, oil, seawater, and corn syrup. 5 Minute Preview
Weight and Mass
Use a balance to measure mass and a spring scale to measure the weight of objects. Compare the masses and weights of objects on Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and the Moon. 5 Minute Preview
Measuring Volume
Measure the volume of liquids and solids using beakers, graduated cylinders, overflow cups, and rulers. Water can be poured from one container to another and objects can be added to containers. A pipette can be used to transfer small amounts of water, and a magnifier can be used to observe the meniscus in a graduated cylinder. Test your volume-measurement skills in the "Practice" mode of the Gizmo. 5 Minute Preview
6.1.E: The student is expected to: collect quantitative data using the International System of Units (SI) and qualitative data as evidence;
Triple Beam Balance
Learn how to determine the mass of an object using a triple beam balance. The mass of a variety of objects can be determined using this simulated version of a common real-world laboratory tool for measurement. 5 Minute Preview
Roller Coaster Physics
Adjust the hills on a toy-car roller coaster and watch what happens as the car careens toward an egg (that can be broken) at the end of the track. The heights of three hills can be manipulated, along with the mass of the car and the friction of the track. A graph of various variables of motion can be viewed as the car travels, including position, speed, acceleration, potential energy, kinetic energy, and total energy. 5 Minute Preview
Measuring Volume
Measure the volume of liquids and solids using beakers, graduated cylinders, overflow cups, and rulers. Water can be poured from one container to another and objects can be added to containers. A pipette can be used to transfer small amounts of water, and a magnifier can be used to observe the meniscus in a graduated cylinder. Test your volume-measurement skills in the "Practice" mode of the Gizmo. 5 Minute Preview
Sled Wars
Explore acceleration, speed, momentum, and energy by sending a sled down a hill into a group of snowmen. The starting height and mass of the sled can be changed, as well as the number of snowmen. In the Two sleds scenario, observe collisions between sleds of different masses and starting heights. 5 Minute Preview
Microbiologist Mission: Reducing River Runoff and Pollution - Middle School
People are getting sick after swimming in the Dogwood River. The student acts as a microbiologist to monitor bacteria populations, construct a model of how pollution enters the river, and design a sustainable solution to minimize human impacts on the Dogwood River watershed. Video Preview
6.1.G: The student is expected to: develop and use models to represent phenomena, systems, processes, or solutions to engineering problems; and
Seasons: Earth, Moon, and Sun
Observe the motions of the Earth, Moon and Sun in three dimensions to explain Sunrise and Sunset, and to see how we define a day, a month, and a year. Compare times of Sunrise and Sunset for different dates and locations. Relate shadows to the position of the Sun in the sky, and relate shadows to compass directions. 5 Minute Preview
Phase Changes
Explore the relationship between molecular motion, temperature, and phase changes. Compare the molecular structure of solids, liquids, and gases. Graph temperature changes as ice is melted and water is boiled. Find the effect of altitude on phase changes. The starting temperature, ice volume, altitude, and rate of heating or cooling can be adjusted. 5 Minute Preview
Tides - Metric
Gain an understanding of high, low, spring, and neap tides on Earth by observing the tidal heights and the position of the Earth, Moon, and Sun. Tidal bulges can be observed from space, and water depths can be recorded from a dock by the ocean. 5 Minute Preview
Carbon Cycle
Follow the path of a carbon atom through the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. Manipulate a simplified model to see how human activities and other factors affect the amount of atmospheric carbon today and in the future. 5 Minute Preview
Save a Satellite - Middle School
Students acting as spacecraft navigation engineers apply their knowledge of Newton’s Third Law of Motion to launch a communication satellite into a stable orbit around Earth. When students learn of an impending collision with space debris, they must use their knowledge of gravitational forces and Newton’s Laws to correctly maneuver their satellite to a new, stable orbit. Video Preview
Causes of Seasons: Training for Gold
In this multi-part investigation, students follow Arban, an Olympic-hopeful snowboarder in Mongolia, as he searches for the perfect year-round training plan. Students will explore climates in different parts of the world, learning that seasons in the Southern Hemisphere are the opposite of seasons in the Northern Hemisphere. Students will then gather data on day length, height of the Sun, and solar intensity to see how variations in these factors relate to seasonal temperature changes. Finally, students will compare two proposed models of seasonal changes, a distance model and a tilted axis model, and use their data to determine what causes seasons on Earth. Preview
Coral Reef Ecology: Population Dynamics
In these lessons, students construct a coral reef food web, manipulate an ecosystem model, and analyze data to determine how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect coral reef populations over time. They use evidence from their investigations to construct scientific arguments about the effects of several factors on the coral reef ecosystem. Preview
Coral Reef Ecology: Coral Bleaching
In these lessons, students construct a coral reef food web, manipulate an ecosystem model, and analyze data to determine how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect coral reef populations over time. They use evidence from their investigations to construct scientific arguments about the effects of several factors on the coral reef ecosystem. Preview
Coral Reef Ecology: Food Webs
In these lessons, students construct a coral reef food web, manipulate an ecosystem model, and analyze data to determine how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect coral reef populations over time. They use evidence from their investigations to construct scientific arguments about the effects of several factors on the coral reef ecosystem. Preview
6.2: Scientific and engineering practices. The student analyzes and interprets data to derive meaning, identify features and patterns, and discover relationships or correlations to develop evidence-based arguments or evaluate designs.
6.2.C: The student is expected to: use mathematical calculations to assess quantitative relationships in data; and
Roller Coaster Physics
Adjust the hills on a toy-car roller coaster and watch what happens as the car careens toward an egg (that can be broken) at the end of the track. The heights of three hills can be manipulated, along with the mass of the car and the friction of the track. A graph of various variables of motion can be viewed as the car travels, including position, speed, acceleration, potential energy, kinetic energy, and total energy. 5 Minute Preview
Seasons: Earth, Moon, and Sun
Observe the motions of the Earth, Moon and Sun in three dimensions to explain Sunrise and Sunset, and to see how we define a day, a month, and a year. Compare times of Sunrise and Sunset for different dates and locations. Relate shadows to the position of the Sun in the sky, and relate shadows to compass directions. 5 Minute Preview
Sled Wars
Explore acceleration, speed, momentum, and energy by sending a sled down a hill into a group of snowmen. The starting height and mass of the sled can be changed, as well as the number of snowmen. In the Two sleds scenario, observe collisions between sleds of different masses and starting heights. 5 Minute Preview
6.3: Scientific and engineering practices. The student develops evidence-based explanations and communicates findings, conclusions, and proposed solutions.
6.3.A: The student is expected to: develop explanations and propose solutions supported by data and models and consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories;
Roller Coaster Physics
Adjust the hills on a toy-car roller coaster and watch what happens as the car careens toward an egg (that can be broken) at the end of the track. The heights of three hills can be manipulated, along with the mass of the car and the friction of the track. A graph of various variables of motion can be viewed as the car travels, including position, speed, acceleration, potential energy, kinetic energy, and total energy. 5 Minute Preview
Seasons in 3D
Gain an understanding of the causes of seasons by observing Earth as it orbits the Sun in three dimensions. Observe the path of the Sun across the sky on any date and from any location. Create graphs of solar intensity and day length, and use collected data to describe and explain seasonal changes. 5 Minute Preview
Carbon Cycle
Follow the path of a carbon atom through the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. Manipulate a simplified model to see how human activities and other factors affect the amount of atmospheric carbon today and in the future. 5 Minute Preview
Ecosystems - Middle School
As a national park ranger, students must restore the ecosystem of a park back to normal. They interact with populations of many organisms including wolves, deer and bees. Students learn the importance of food chains and webs, and how human factors can impact the health of an environment. Video Preview
Chemical and Physical Changes - Middle School
The Secret Service recently arrested suspects accused of counterfeiting coins from 1915 valued at $50,000 each. The students act as a forensic scientist to investigate the crime scene and the evidence. Students learn about chemical and physical changes to recreate the methods used to make the coins as evidence for the trial. Video Preview
Fruit Production - Middle School
As an agricultural scientist, students help a strawberry farmer who is having problems with low fruit production. Students learn about the factors involved in fruit production including plant nutrients, pollination and bees, and the interaction with the environment. Video Preview
Causes of Seasons: Training for Gold
In this multi-part investigation, students follow Arban, an Olympic-hopeful snowboarder in Mongolia, as he searches for the perfect year-round training plan. Students will explore climates in different parts of the world, learning that seasons in the Southern Hemisphere are the opposite of seasons in the Northern Hemisphere. Students will then gather data on day length, height of the Sun, and solar intensity to see how variations in these factors relate to seasonal temperature changes. Finally, students will compare two proposed models of seasonal changes, a distance model and a tilted axis model, and use their data to determine what causes seasons on Earth. Preview
Coral Reef Ecology: Population Dynamics
In these lessons, students construct a coral reef food web, manipulate an ecosystem model, and analyze data to determine how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect coral reef populations over time. They use evidence from their investigations to construct scientific arguments about the effects of several factors on the coral reef ecosystem. Preview
Coral Reef Ecology: Coral Bleaching
In these lessons, students construct a coral reef food web, manipulate an ecosystem model, and analyze data to determine how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect coral reef populations over time. They use evidence from their investigations to construct scientific arguments about the effects of several factors on the coral reef ecosystem. Preview
Coral Reef Ecology: Food Webs
In these lessons, students construct a coral reef food web, manipulate an ecosystem model, and analyze data to determine how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect coral reef populations over time. They use evidence from their investigations to construct scientific arguments about the effects of several factors on the coral reef ecosystem. Preview
6.3.B: The student is expected to: communicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats; and
Roller Coaster Physics
Adjust the hills on a toy-car roller coaster and watch what happens as the car careens toward an egg (that can be broken) at the end of the track. The heights of three hills can be manipulated, along with the mass of the car and the friction of the track. A graph of various variables of motion can be viewed as the car travels, including position, speed, acceleration, potential energy, kinetic energy, and total energy. 5 Minute Preview
Ecosystems - Middle School
As a national park ranger, students must restore the ecosystem of a park back to normal. They interact with populations of many organisms including wolves, deer and bees. Students learn the importance of food chains and webs, and how human factors can impact the health of an environment. Video Preview
Chemical and Physical Changes - Middle School
The Secret Service recently arrested suspects accused of counterfeiting coins from 1915 valued at $50,000 each. The students act as a forensic scientist to investigate the crime scene and the evidence. Students learn about chemical and physical changes to recreate the methods used to make the coins as evidence for the trial. Video Preview
Fruit Production - Middle School
As an agricultural scientist, students help a strawberry farmer who is having problems with low fruit production. Students learn about the factors involved in fruit production including plant nutrients, pollination and bees, and the interaction with the environment. Video Preview
6.3.C: The student is expected to: engage respectfully in scientific argumentation using applied scientific explanations and empirical evidence.
Causes of Seasons: Summer Down Under
Noor is an exchange student who will spend the year in Sydney, Australia. When she gets there in June, she is surprised about how chilly the weather is! June is the start of winter in Australia, and Noor and her brother Ahmed are determined to learn why. In this standalone lesson, students will gather data on day length, solar intensity, and temperature in New York and Sydney, then compare two proposed models to determine why seasons in Australia are the opposite of seasons in New York. Preview
Causes of Seasons: Mystery of the Midnight Sun
Ava is a university student from Miami who is studying climate and seasons in the Arctic. She is struck by how extreme seasons are in the Arctic compared to the much milder seasonal changes at home. In this standalone lesson, students will gather and compare data on day length and solar intensity in the two locations to explain why the Arctic experiences much larger seasonal changes than areas closer to the equator. Students will use a model of Earth's tilted axis to explain why some regions experience 24 hours of daylight in the summer and zero hours of daylight in the winter. Preview
Coral Reef Ecology: Population Dynamics
In these lessons, students construct a coral reef food web, manipulate an ecosystem model, and analyze data to determine how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect coral reef populations over time. They use evidence from their investigations to construct scientific arguments about the effects of several factors on the coral reef ecosystem. Preview
Coral Reef Ecology: Coral Bleaching
In these lessons, students construct a coral reef food web, manipulate an ecosystem model, and analyze data to determine how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect coral reef populations over time. They use evidence from their investigations to construct scientific arguments about the effects of several factors on the coral reef ecosystem. Preview
Coral Reef Ecology: Food Webs
In these lessons, students construct a coral reef food web, manipulate an ecosystem model, and analyze data to determine how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect coral reef populations over time. They use evidence from their investigations to construct scientific arguments about the effects of several factors on the coral reef ecosystem. Preview
6.5: Recurring themes and concepts. The student understands that recurring themes and concepts provide a framework for making connections across disciplines.
6.5.A: The student is expected to: identify and apply patterns to understand and connect scientific phenomena or to design solutions;
Force and Fan Carts
Explore the laws of motion using a simple fan cart. Use the buttons to select the speed of the fan and the surface, and press Play to begin. You can drag up to three objects onto the fan cart. The speed of the cart is displayed with a speedometer and recorded in a table and a graph. 5 Minute Preview
Microbiologist Mission: Reducing River Runoff and Pollution - Middle School
People are getting sick after swimming in the Dogwood River. The student acts as a microbiologist to monitor bacteria populations, construct a model of how pollution enters the river, and design a sustainable solution to minimize human impacts on the Dogwood River watershed. Video Preview
6.5.B: The student is expected to: identify and investigate cause-and-effect relationships to explain scientific phenomena or analyze problems;
Force and Fan Carts
Explore the laws of motion using a simple fan cart. Use the buttons to select the speed of the fan and the surface, and press Play to begin. You can drag up to three objects onto the fan cart. The speed of the cart is displayed with a speedometer and recorded in a table and a graph. 5 Minute Preview
Coral Reefs 1 - Abiotic Factors
Explore the abiotic factors that affect Caribbean coral reefs. Many factors can be manipulated in this simplified reef model, including ocean temperature and pH, storm severity, and input of excess sediments and nutrients from logging, sewage, and agriculture. Click "Advance year" to see how the reef responds to these changes. 5 Minute Preview
Coral Reefs 2 - Biotic Factors
In this followup to the Coral Reefs 1 - Abiotic Factors activity, investigate the impacts of fishing, disease, and invasive species on a model Caribbean coral reef. Many variables can be manipulated, included intensity of fishing, presence of black band and white band disease, and the presence of actual and potential invasive species. Click "Advance year" to see the impacts of these biotic changes. 5 Minute Preview
Microbiologist Mission: Reducing River Runoff and Pollution - Middle School
People are getting sick after swimming in the Dogwood River. The student acts as a microbiologist to monitor bacteria populations, construct a model of how pollution enters the river, and design a sustainable solution to minimize human impacts on the Dogwood River watershed. Video Preview
Save a Satellite - Middle School
Students acting as spacecraft navigation engineers apply their knowledge of Newton’s Third Law of Motion to launch a communication satellite into a stable orbit around Earth. When students learn of an impending collision with space debris, they must use their knowledge of gravitational forces and Newton’s Laws to correctly maneuver their satellite to a new, stable orbit. Video Preview
Coral Reef Ecology: Population Dynamics
In these lessons, students construct a coral reef food web, manipulate an ecosystem model, and analyze data to determine how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect coral reef populations over time. They use evidence from their investigations to construct scientific arguments about the effects of several factors on the coral reef ecosystem. Preview
Coral Reef Ecology: Coral Bleaching
In these lessons, students construct a coral reef food web, manipulate an ecosystem model, and analyze data to determine how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect coral reef populations over time. They use evidence from their investigations to construct scientific arguments about the effects of several factors on the coral reef ecosystem. Preview
Coral Reef Ecology: Food Webs
In these lessons, students construct a coral reef food web, manipulate an ecosystem model, and analyze data to determine how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect coral reef populations over time. They use evidence from their investigations to construct scientific arguments about the effects of several factors on the coral reef ecosystem. Preview
6.5.D: The student is expected to: examine and model the parts of a system and their interdependence in the function of the system;
Causes of Seasons: Training for Gold
In this multi-part investigation, students follow Arban, an Olympic-hopeful snowboarder in Mongolia, as he searches for the perfect year-round training plan. Students will explore climates in different parts of the world, learning that seasons in the Southern Hemisphere are the opposite of seasons in the Northern Hemisphere. Students will then gather data on day length, height of the Sun, and solar intensity to see how variations in these factors relate to seasonal temperature changes. Finally, students will compare two proposed models of seasonal changes, a distance model and a tilted axis model, and use their data to determine what causes seasons on Earth. Preview
Causes of Seasons: Summer Down Under
Noor is an exchange student who will spend the year in Sydney, Australia. When she gets there in June, she is surprised about how chilly the weather is! June is the start of winter in Australia, and Noor and her brother Ahmed are determined to learn why. In this standalone lesson, students will gather data on day length, solar intensity, and temperature in New York and Sydney, then compare two proposed models to determine why seasons in Australia are the opposite of seasons in New York. Preview
Causes of Seasons: Mystery of the Midnight Sun
Ava is a university student from Miami who is studying climate and seasons in the Arctic. She is struck by how extreme seasons are in the Arctic compared to the much milder seasonal changes at home. In this standalone lesson, students will gather and compare data on day length and solar intensity in the two locations to explain why the Arctic experiences much larger seasonal changes than areas closer to the equator. Students will use a model of Earth's tilted axis to explain why some regions experience 24 hours of daylight in the summer and zero hours of daylight in the winter. Preview
6.5.E: The student is expected to: analyze and explain how energy flows and matter cycles through systems and how energy and matter are conserved through a variety of systems;
Roller Coaster Physics
Adjust the hills on a toy-car roller coaster and watch what happens as the car careens toward an egg (that can be broken) at the end of the track. The heights of three hills can be manipulated, along with the mass of the car and the friction of the track. A graph of various variables of motion can be viewed as the car travels, including position, speed, acceleration, potential energy, kinetic energy, and total energy. 5 Minute Preview
Sled Wars
Explore acceleration, speed, momentum, and energy by sending a sled down a hill into a group of snowmen. The starting height and mass of the sled can be changed, as well as the number of snowmen. In the Two sleds scenario, observe collisions between sleds of different masses and starting heights. 5 Minute Preview
Chemical Changes
Chemical changes result in the formation of new substances. But how can you tell if a chemical change has occurred? Explore this question by observing and measuring a variety of chemical reactions. Along the way you will learn about chemical equations, acids and bases, exothermic and endothermic reactions, and conservation of matter. 5 Minute Preview
Chemical and Physical Changes - Middle School
The Secret Service recently arrested suspects accused of counterfeiting coins from 1915 valued at $50,000 each. The students act as a forensic scientist to investigate the crime scene and the evidence. Students learn about chemical and physical changes to recreate the methods used to make the coins as evidence for the trial. Video Preview
6.5.G: The student is expected to: analyze and explain how factors or conditions impact stability and change in objects, organisms, and systems.
Natural Selection
You are a bird hunting moths (both dark and light) that live on trees. As you capture the moths most easily visible against the tree surface, the moth populations change, illustrating the effects of natural selection. 5 Minute Preview
Coral Reefs 1 - Abiotic Factors
Explore the abiotic factors that affect Caribbean coral reefs. Many factors can be manipulated in this simplified reef model, including ocean temperature and pH, storm severity, and input of excess sediments and nutrients from logging, sewage, and agriculture. Click "Advance year" to see how the reef responds to these changes. 5 Minute Preview
Coral Reefs 2 - Biotic Factors
In this followup to the Coral Reefs 1 - Abiotic Factors activity, investigate the impacts of fishing, disease, and invasive species on a model Caribbean coral reef. Many variables can be manipulated, included intensity of fishing, presence of black band and white band disease, and the presence of actual and potential invasive species. Click "Advance year" to see the impacts of these biotic changes. 5 Minute Preview
Ecosystems - Middle School
As a national park ranger, students must restore the ecosystem of a park back to normal. They interact with populations of many organisms including wolves, deer and bees. Students learn the importance of food chains and webs, and how human factors can impact the health of an environment. Video Preview
Fruit Production - Middle School
As an agricultural scientist, students help a strawberry farmer who is having problems with low fruit production. Students learn about the factors involved in fruit production including plant nutrients, pollination and bees, and the interaction with the environment. Video Preview
Coral Reef Ecology: Population Dynamics
In these lessons, students construct a coral reef food web, manipulate an ecosystem model, and analyze data to determine how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect coral reef populations over time. They use evidence from their investigations to construct scientific arguments about the effects of several factors on the coral reef ecosystem. Preview
Coral Reef Ecology: Coral Bleaching
In these lessons, students construct a coral reef food web, manipulate an ecosystem model, and analyze data to determine how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect coral reef populations over time. They use evidence from their investigations to construct scientific arguments about the effects of several factors on the coral reef ecosystem. Preview
Coral Reef Ecology: Food Webs
In these lessons, students construct a coral reef food web, manipulate an ecosystem model, and analyze data to determine how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect coral reef populations over time. They use evidence from their investigations to construct scientific arguments about the effects of several factors on the coral reef ecosystem. Preview
6.6: Matter and energy. The student knows that matter is made of atoms, can be classified according to its properties, and can undergo changes.
6.6.A: The student is expected to: compare solids, liquids, and gases in terms of their structure, shape, volume, and kinetic energy of atoms and molecules;
Phase Changes
Explore the relationship between molecular motion, temperature, and phase changes. Compare the molecular structure of solids, liquids, and gases. Graph temperature changes as ice is melted and water is boiled. Find the effect of altitude on phase changes. The starting temperature, ice volume, altitude, and rate of heating or cooling can be adjusted. 5 Minute Preview
Phases of Water
Heat or cool a container of water and observe the phase changes that take place. Use a magnifying glass to observe water molecules as a solid, liquid, or gas. Compare the volumes of the three phases of water. 5 Minute Preview
Chemical and Physical Changes - Middle School
The Secret Service recently arrested suspects accused of counterfeiting coins from 1915 valued at $50,000 each. The students act as a forensic scientist to investigate the crime scene and the evidence. Students learn about chemical and physical changes to recreate the methods used to make the coins as evidence for the trial. Video Preview
Phase Changes: Mountain Spaghetti
In this lesson series, students will help Kayla, a cooking enthusiast who is having trouble making good spaghetti in her new home in the mountains. Students will investigate phase changes, the effect of altitude and air pressure on boiling point, and the molecular causes of phase changes. Preview
Phase Changes: Dance of the Molecules
After a snowstorm cuts power and water, Ethan needs to melt ice and boil the resulting water to cook dinner. This phenomenon leads him to thinking about why water changes from one phase to another. In this standalone lesson, students will investigate what is happening at the molecular level to cause phase changes. Preview
6.6.D: The student is expected to: compare the density of substances relative to various fluids; and
Density Laboratory
With a scale to measure mass, a graduated cylinder to measure volume, and a large beaker of liquid to observe flotation, the relationship between mass, volume, density, and flotation can be investigated. The density of the liquid in the beaker can be adjusted, and a variety of objects can be studied during the investigation. 5 Minute Preview
Density
Measure the mass and volume of a variety of objects, then place them into a beaker of liquid to see if they float or sink. Learn to predict whether objects will float or sink in water based on their mass and volume. Compare how objects float or sink in a variety of liquids, including gasoline, oil, seawater, and corn syrup. 5 Minute Preview
6.6.E: The student is expected to: identify the formation of a new substance by using the evidence of a possible chemical change, including production of a gas, change in thermal energy, production of a precipitate, and color change.
Chemical Changes
Chemical changes result in the formation of new substances. But how can you tell if a chemical change has occurred? Explore this question by observing and measuring a variety of chemical reactions. Along the way you will learn about chemical equations, acids and bases, exothermic and endothermic reactions, and conservation of matter. 5 Minute Preview
6.7: Force, motion, and energy. The student knows the nature of forces and their role in systems that experience stability or change.
6.7.A: The student is expected to: identify and explain how forces act on objects, including gravity, friction, magnetism, applied forces, and normal forces, using real-world applications;
Gravity Pitch
Imagine a gigantic pitcher standing on Earth, ready to hurl a huge baseball. What will happen as the ball is thrown harder and harder? Find out with the Gravity Pitch Gizmo. Observe the path of the ball when it is thrown at different velocities. Throw the ball on different planets to see how each planet's gravity affects the ball. 5 Minute Preview
Crumple Zones
Design a car to protect a test dummy in a collision. Adjust the length and stiffness of the crumple zone and the rigidity of the safety cell to determine how the car will deform during the crash. Add seat belts and/or airbags to prevent the dummy from hitting the steering wheel. Three different body types (sedan, SUV, and subcompact) are available and a wide range of crash speeds can be used. 5 Minute Preview
6.7.C: The student is expected to: identify simultaneous force pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction that result from the interactions between objects using Newton's Third Law of Motion.
Crumple Zones
Design a car to protect a test dummy in a collision. Adjust the length and stiffness of the crumple zone and the rigidity of the safety cell to determine how the car will deform during the crash. Add seat belts and/or airbags to prevent the dummy from hitting the steering wheel. Three different body types (sedan, SUV, and subcompact) are available and a wide range of crash speeds can be used. 5 Minute Preview
Save a Satellite - Middle School
Students acting as spacecraft navigation engineers apply their knowledge of Newton’s Third Law of Motion to launch a communication satellite into a stable orbit around Earth. When students learn of an impending collision with space debris, they must use their knowledge of gravitational forces and Newton’s Laws to correctly maneuver their satellite to a new, stable orbit. Video Preview
6.8: Force, motion, and energy. The student knows that the total energy in systems is conserved through energy transfers and transformations.
6.8.A: The student is expected to: compare and contrast gravitational, elastic, and chemical potential energies with kinetic energy;
Inclined Plane - Sliding Objects
Investigate the energy and motion of a block sliding down an inclined plane, with or without friction. The ramp angle can be varied and a variety of materials for the block and ramp can be used. Potential and kinetic energy are reported as the block slides down the ramp. Two experiments can be run simultaneously to compare results as factors are varied. 5 Minute Preview
Energy of a Pendulum
Perform experiments with a pendulum to gain an understanding of energy conservation in simple harmonic motion. The mass, length, and gravitational acceleration of the pendulum can be adjusted, as well as the initial angle. The potential energy, kinetic energy, and total energy of the oscillating pendulum can be displayed on a table, bar chart or graph. 5 Minute Preview
Potential Energy on Shelves
Compare the potential energy of several objects when you place them on shelves of different heights. Learn that two objects at different heights can have the same potential energy, while two objects at the same height can have different potential energies. 5 Minute Preview
Roller Coaster Physics
Adjust the hills on a toy-car roller coaster and watch what happens as the car careens toward an egg (that can be broken) at the end of the track. The heights of three hills can be manipulated, along with the mass of the car and the friction of the track. A graph of various variables of motion can be viewed as the car travels, including position, speed, acceleration, potential energy, kinetic energy, and total energy. 5 Minute Preview
Sled Wars
Explore acceleration, speed, momentum, and energy by sending a sled down a hill into a group of snowmen. The starting height and mass of the sled can be changed, as well as the number of snowmen. In the Two sleds scenario, observe collisions between sleds of different masses and starting heights. 5 Minute Preview
6.8.B: The student is expected to: describe how energy is conserved through transfers and transformations in systems such as electrical circuits, food webs, amusement park rides, or photosynthesis; and
Roller Coaster Physics
Adjust the hills on a toy-car roller coaster and watch what happens as the car careens toward an egg (that can be broken) at the end of the track. The heights of three hills can be manipulated, along with the mass of the car and the friction of the track. A graph of various variables of motion can be viewed as the car travels, including position, speed, acceleration, potential energy, kinetic energy, and total energy. 5 Minute Preview
Energy Conversion in a System
A falling cylinder is attached to a rotating propeller that stirs and heats the water in a beaker. The mass and height of the cylinder, as well as the quantity and initial temperature of water can be adjusted. The temperature of the water is measured as energy is converted from one form to another. 5 Minute Preview
Sled Wars
Explore acceleration, speed, momentum, and energy by sending a sled down a hill into a group of snowmen. The starting height and mass of the sled can be changed, as well as the number of snowmen. In the Two sleds scenario, observe collisions between sleds of different masses and starting heights. 5 Minute Preview
6.8.C: The student is expected to: explain how energy is transferred through transverse and longitudinal waves.
Longitudinal Waves
Observe the propagation of longitudinal (compression) waves in a closed or open tube with evenly-spaced dividers. The strength and frequency of the waves can be manipulated, or waves can be observed as individual pulses. Compare the movement of dividers to graphs of displacement, velocity, acceleration and pressure. 5 Minute Preview
Waves
Observe and measure transverse, longitudinal, and combined waves on a model of a spring moved by a hand. Adjust the amplitude and frequency of the hand, and the tension and density of the spring. The speed and power of the waves is reported, and the wavelength and amplitude can be measured. 5 Minute Preview
6.9: Earth and space. The student models the cyclical movements of the Sun, Earth, and Moon and describes their effects.
6.9.A: The student is expected to: model and illustrate how the tilted Earth revolves around the Sun, causing changes in seasons; and
Seasons: Why do we have them?
Learn why the temperature in the summertime is higher than it is in the winter by studying the amount of light striking the Earth. Experiment with a plate detector to measure the amount of light striking the plate as the angle of the plate is adjusted (and then use a group of plates placed at different locations on the Earth) and measure the incoming radiation on each plate. 5 Minute Preview
Seasons in 3D
Gain an understanding of the causes of seasons by observing Earth as it orbits the Sun in three dimensions. Observe the path of the Sun across the sky on any date and from any location. Create graphs of solar intensity and day length, and use collected data to describe and explain seasonal changes. 5 Minute Preview
Seasons: Earth, Moon, and Sun
Observe the motions of the Earth, Moon and Sun in three dimensions to explain Sunrise and Sunset, and to see how we define a day, a month, and a year. Compare times of Sunrise and Sunset for different dates and locations. Relate shadows to the position of the Sun in the sky, and relate shadows to compass directions. 5 Minute Preview
Causes of Seasons: Training for Gold
In this multi-part investigation, students follow Arban, an Olympic-hopeful snowboarder in Mongolia, as he searches for the perfect year-round training plan. Students will explore climates in different parts of the world, learning that seasons in the Southern Hemisphere are the opposite of seasons in the Northern Hemisphere. Students will then gather data on day length, height of the Sun, and solar intensity to see how variations in these factors relate to seasonal temperature changes. Finally, students will compare two proposed models of seasonal changes, a distance model and a tilted axis model, and use their data to determine what causes seasons on Earth. Preview
Causes of Seasons: Summer Down Under
Noor is an exchange student who will spend the year in Sydney, Australia. When she gets there in June, she is surprised about how chilly the weather is! June is the start of winter in Australia, and Noor and her brother Ahmed are determined to learn why. In this standalone lesson, students will gather data on day length, solar intensity, and temperature in New York and Sydney, then compare two proposed models to determine why seasons in Australia are the opposite of seasons in New York. Preview
Causes of Seasons: Mystery of the Midnight Sun
Ava is a university student from Miami who is studying climate and seasons in the Arctic. She is struck by how extreme seasons are in the Arctic compared to the much milder seasonal changes at home. In this standalone lesson, students will gather and compare data on day length and solar intensity in the two locations to explain why the Arctic experiences much larger seasonal changes than areas closer to the equator. Students will use a model of Earth's tilted axis to explain why some regions experience 24 hours of daylight in the summer and zero hours of daylight in the winter. Preview
6.9.B: The student is expected to: describe and predict how the positions of the Earth, Sun, and Moon cause daily, spring, and neap cycles of ocean tides due to gravitational forces.
Tides - Metric
Gain an understanding of high, low, spring, and neap tides on Earth by observing the tidal heights and the position of the Earth, Moon, and Sun. Tidal bulges can be observed from space, and water depths can be recorded from a dock by the ocean. 5 Minute Preview
Ocean Tides
Develop an understanding of ocean tides by comparing the depth of water near a dock to the positions of the Moon, Sun, and Earth. Determine the influence of the Moon and Sun on tides, and compare spring tides to neap tides. 5 Minute Preview
6.1: Earth and space. The student understands the rock cycle and the structure of Earth.
6.10.A: The student is expected to: differentiate between the biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere and identify components of each system;
Carbon Cycle
Follow the path of a carbon atom through the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. Manipulate a simplified model to see how human activities and other factors affect the amount of atmospheric carbon today and in the future. 5 Minute Preview
6.10.C: The student is expected to: describe how metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary rocks form and change through geologic processes in the rock cycle.
Rock Cycle
Play the role of a piece of rock moving through the rock cycle. Select a starting location and follow many possible paths throughout the cycle. Learn how rocks are formed, weathered, eroded, and reformed as they move from Earth's surface to locations deep within the crust. 5 Minute Preview
6.12: Organisms and environments. The student knows that interdependence occurs between living systems and the environment.
6.12.A: The student is expected to: investigate how organisms and populations in an ecosystem depend on and may compete for biotic factors such as food and abiotic factors such as availability of light and water, range of temperatures, or soil composition;
Food Chain
In this ecosystem consisting of hawks, snakes, rabbits and grass, the population of each species can be studied as part of a food chain. Disease can be introduced for any species, and the number of animals can be increased or decreased at any time, just like in the real world. 5 Minute Preview
Pond Ecosystem
Measure the temperature and oxygen content of a pond over the course of a day. Then go fishing to see what types of fish live in the pond. Many different ponds can be investigated to determine the influence of time, temperature, and farms on oxygen levels. 5 Minute Preview
Coral Reefs 1 - Abiotic Factors
Explore the abiotic factors that affect Caribbean coral reefs. Many factors can be manipulated in this simplified reef model, including ocean temperature and pH, storm severity, and input of excess sediments and nutrients from logging, sewage, and agriculture. Click "Advance year" to see how the reef responds to these changes. 5 Minute Preview
Coral Reefs 2 - Biotic Factors
In this followup to the Coral Reefs 1 - Abiotic Factors activity, investigate the impacts of fishing, disease, and invasive species on a model Caribbean coral reef. Many variables can be manipulated, included intensity of fishing, presence of black band and white band disease, and the presence of actual and potential invasive species. Click "Advance year" to see the impacts of these biotic changes. 5 Minute Preview
Coral Reef Ecology: Population Dynamics
In these lessons, students construct a coral reef food web, manipulate an ecosystem model, and analyze data to determine how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect coral reef populations over time. They use evidence from their investigations to construct scientific arguments about the effects of several factors on the coral reef ecosystem. Preview
Coral Reef Ecology: Coral Bleaching
In these lessons, students construct a coral reef food web, manipulate an ecosystem model, and analyze data to determine how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect coral reef populations over time. They use evidence from their investigations to construct scientific arguments about the effects of several factors on the coral reef ecosystem. Preview
Coral Reef Ecology: Food Webs
In these lessons, students construct a coral reef food web, manipulate an ecosystem model, and analyze data to determine how changes in biotic and abiotic factors affect coral reef populations over time. They use evidence from their investigations to construct scientific arguments about the effects of several factors on the coral reef ecosystem. Preview
6.12.B: The student is expected to: describe and give examples of predatory, competitive, and symbiotic relationships between organisms, including mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism; and
Food Chain
In this ecosystem consisting of hawks, snakes, rabbits and grass, the population of each species can be studied as part of a food chain. Disease can be introduced for any species, and the number of animals can be increased or decreased at any time, just like in the real world. 5 Minute Preview
Ecosystems - Middle School
As a national park ranger, students must restore the ecosystem of a park back to normal. They interact with populations of many organisms including wolves, deer and bees. Students learn the importance of food chains and webs, and how human factors can impact the health of an environment. Video Preview
Fruit Production - Middle School
As an agricultural scientist, students help a strawberry farmer who is having problems with low fruit production. Students learn about the factors involved in fruit production including plant nutrients, pollination and bees, and the interaction with the environment. Video Preview
6.13: Organisms and environments. The student knows that organisms have an organizational structure and variations can influence survival of populations.
6.13.B: The student is expected to: identify and compare the basic characteristics of organisms, including prokaryotic and eukaryotic, unicellular and multicellular, and autotrophic and heterotrophic; and
Cell Types
Explore a wide variety of cells, from bacteria to human neurons, using a compound light microscope. Select a sample to study, then focus on the sample using the coarse and fine focus controls of the microscope. Compare the structures found in different cells, then perform tests to see if the sample is alive. 5 Minute Preview
6.13.C: The student is expected to: describe how variations within a population can be an advantage or disadvantage to the survival of a population as environments change.
Natural Selection
You are a bird hunting moths (both dark and light) that live on trees. As you capture the moths most easily visible against the tree surface, the moth populations change, illustrating the effects of natural selection. 5 Minute Preview
Rainfall and Bird Beaks - Metric
Study the thickness of birds' beaks over a five year period as you control the yearly rainfall on an isolated island. As the environmental conditions change, the species must adapt (a real-world consequence) to avoid extinction. 5 Minute Preview
Correlation last revised: 8/10/2026
About STEM Cases
Students assume the role of a scientist trying to solve a real world problem. They use scientific practices to collect and analyze data, and form and test a hypothesis as they solve the problems.
Each STEM Case uses realtime reporting to show live student results.
Introduction to the Heatmap
STEM Cases take between 30-90 minutes for students to complete, depending on the case.
Student progress is automatically saved so that STEM Cases can be completed over multiple sessions.
Multiple grade-appropriate versions, or levels, exist for each STEM Case.
Each STEM Case level has an associated Handbook. These are interactive guides that focus on the science concepts underlying the case.
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Start teaching with 20-40 Free Gizmos. See the full list.
Access lesson materials for Free Gizmos including teacher guides, lesson plans, and more.
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