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Virginia - Mathematics: Geometry
Standards of Learning | Adopted: 2009
G.1: : The student will construct and judge the validity of a logical argument consisting of a set of premises and a conclusion. This will include
G.12: : The student, given the coordinates of the center of a circle and a point on the circle, will write the equation of the circle.
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Circles
Compare the graph of a circle with its equation. Vary the terms in the equation and explore how the circle is translated and scaled in response. 5 Minute Preview
G.13: : The student will use formulas for surface area and volume of three-dimensional objects to solve real-world problems.
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Prisms and Cylinders
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a prism or cylinder and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of an oblique prism or cylinder to the volume of a right prism or cylinder. 5 Minute Preview
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Surface and Lateral Areas of Pyramids and Cones
Vary the dimensions of a pyramid or cone and investigate how the surface area changes. Use the dynamic net of the solid to compute the lateral area and the surface area of the solid. 5 Minute Preview
G.1.a: : identifying the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of a conditional statement;
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Biconditional Statements
Make a biconditional statement from a given definition using word tiles. Use both symbolic form and standard English form. 5 Minute Preview
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Conditional Statements
Make a conditional statement from a given fact using word tiles. Use both symbolic form and standard English form. 5 Minute Preview
G.2: : The student will use the relationships between angles formed by two lines cut by a transversal to
G.2.a: : determine whether two lines are parallel;
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Constructing Congruent Segments and Angles
Construct congruent segments and angles using a straightedge and compass. Use step-by-step explanations and feedback to develop understanding of the construction. 5 Minute Preview
G.3: : The student will use pictorial representations, including computer software, constructions, and coordinate methods, to solve problems involving symmetry and transformation. This will include
G.3.a: : investigating and using formulas for finding distance, midpoint, and slope;
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Circles
Compare the graph of a circle with its equation. Vary the terms in the equation and explore how the circle is translated and scaled in response. 5 Minute Preview
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Distance Formula
Explore the distance formula as an application of the Pythagorean theorem. Learn to see any two points as the endpoints of the hypotenuse of a right triangle. Drag those points and examine changes to the triangle and the distance calculation. 5 Minute Preview
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Distance-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs
Create a graph of a runner's position versus time and watch the runner run a 40-yard dash based on the graph you made. Notice the connection between the slope of the line and the velocity of the runner. Add a second runner (a second graph) and connect real-world meaning to the intersection of two graphs. Also experiment with a graph of velocity versus time for the runners, and also distance traveled versus time. 5 Minute Preview
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Parabolas
Explore parabolas in a conic section context. Find the relationship among the vertex, focus, and directrix of a parabola, and how that relates to its equation. 5 Minute Preview

Point-Slope Form of a Line
Compare the point-slope form of a linear equation to its graph. Vary the coefficients and explore how the graph changes in response. 5 Minute Preview
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Slope
Explore the slope of a line, and learn how to calculate slope. Adjust the line by moving points that are on the line, and see how its slope changes. 5 Minute Preview
G.3.b: : applying slope to verify and determine whether lines are parallel or perpendicular;
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Cat and Mouse (Modeling with Linear Systems)
Experiment with a system of two lines representing a cat-and-mouse chase. Adjust the speeds of the cat and mouse and the head start of the mouse, and immediately see the effects on the graph and on the chase. Connect real-world meaning to slope, y-intercept, and the intersection of lines. 5 Minute Preview
G.3.c: : investigating symmetry and determining whether a figure is symmetric with respect to a line or a point; and
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Holiday Snowflake Designer
Fold paper and cut in a certain way to make symmetrical snowflakes with six sides (similar to what can be found in nature) or with eight sides (an easier folding method). This simulation allows you to cut virtual paper on the computer screen with round dot or square dot "scissors" of various sizes before using physical paper. 5 Minute Preview
G.3.d: : determining whether a figure has been translated, reflected, rotated, or dilated, using coordinate methods.
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Dilations
Dilate a figure and investigate its resized image. See how scaling a figure affects the coordinates of its vertices, both in
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Rotations, Reflections, and Translations
Rotate, reflect, and translate a figure in the plane. Compare the translated figure to the original figure. 5 Minute Preview
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Translations
Translate a figure horizontally and vertically in the plane and examine the matrix representation of the translation. 5 Minute Preview
G.4: : The student will construct and justify the constructions of
G.4.a: : a line segment congruent to a given line segment;
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Constructing Congruent Segments and Angles
Construct congruent segments and angles using a straightedge and compass. Use step-by-step explanations and feedback to develop understanding of the construction. 5 Minute Preview
G.4.b: : the perpendicular bisector of a line segment;
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Constructing Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Construct parallel and perpendicular lines using a straightedge and compass. Use step-by-step explanations and feedback to develop understanding of the construction. 5 Minute Preview
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Segment and Angle Bisectors
Explore the special properties of a point that lies on the perpendicular bisector of a segment, and of a point that lies on an angle bisector. Manipulate the point, the segment, and the angle to see that these properties are always true. 5 Minute Preview
G.4.c: : a perpendicular to a given line from a point not on the line;
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Constructing Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Construct parallel and perpendicular lines using a straightedge and compass. Use step-by-step explanations and feedback to develop understanding of the construction. 5 Minute Preview
G.4.d: : a perpendicular to a given line at a given point on the line;
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Constructing Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Construct parallel and perpendicular lines using a straightedge and compass. Use step-by-step explanations and feedback to develop understanding of the construction. 5 Minute Preview
G.4.e: : the bisector of a given angle;
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Constructing Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Construct parallel and perpendicular lines using a straightedge and compass. Use step-by-step explanations and feedback to develop understanding of the construction. 5 Minute Preview

Segment and Angle Bisectors
Explore the special properties of a point that lies on the perpendicular bisector of a segment, and of a point that lies on an angle bisector. Manipulate the point, the segment, and the angle to see that these properties are always true. 5 Minute Preview
G.4.f: : an angle congruent to a given angle; and
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Constructing Congruent Segments and Angles
Construct congruent segments and angles using a straightedge and compass. Use step-by-step explanations and feedback to develop understanding of the construction. 5 Minute Preview
G.4.g: : a line parallel to a given line through a point not on the given line.
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Constructing Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Construct parallel and perpendicular lines using a straightedge and compass. Use step-by-step explanations and feedback to develop understanding of the construction. 5 Minute Preview
G.5: : These concepts will be considered in the context of real-world situations.The student, given information concerning the lengths of sides and/or measures of angles in triangles, will
G.5.c: : determine whether a triangle exists; and
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Classifying Triangles
Place constraints on a triangle and determine what classifications must apply to the triangle. 5 Minute Preview
G.7: : The student, given information in the form of a figure or statement, will prove two triangles are similar, using algebraic and coordinate methods as well as deductive proofs.
G.7: : The student, given information in the form of a figure or statement, will prove two triangles are similar, using algebraic and coordinate methods as well as deductive proofs.
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Similar Figures
Vary the scale factor and rotation of an image and compare it to the preimage. Determine how the angle measures and side lengths of the two figures are related. 5 Minute Preview
G.8: : The student will solve real-world problems involving right triangles by using the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse, properties of special right triangles, and right triangle trigonometry.
G.8: : The student will solve real-world problems involving right triangles by using the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse, properties of special right triangles, and right triangle trigonometry.
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Distance Formula
Explore the distance formula as an application of the Pythagorean theorem. Learn to see any two points as the endpoints of the hypotenuse of a right triangle. Drag those points and examine changes to the triangle and the distance calculation. 5 Minute Preview

Pythagorean Theorem
Explore the Pythagorean Theorem using a dynamic right triangle. Examine a visual, geometric application of the Pythagorean Theorem, using the areas of squares on the sides of the triangle. 5 Minute Preview
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Pythagorean Theorem with a Geoboard
Build right triangles in an interactive geoboard and build squares on the sides of the triangles to discover the Pythagorean Theorem. 5 Minute Preview
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Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Ratios
Reshape and resize a right triangle and examine how the sine of angle A, the cosine of angle A, and the tangent of angle A change. 5 Minute Preview
G.11: : The student will use angles, arcs, chords, tangents, and secants to
G.11.a: : investigate, verify, and apply properties of circles;
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Chords and Arcs
Explore the relationship between a central angle and the arcs it intercepts. Also explore the relationship between chords and their distance from the circle's center. 5 Minute Preview
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Inscribed Angles
Resize angles inscribed in a circle. Investigate the relationship between inscribed angles and the arcs they intercept. 5 Minute Preview
G.11.c: : find arc lengths and areas of sectors in circles.
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Inscribed Angles
Resize angles inscribed in a circle. Investigate the relationship between inscribed angles and the arcs they intercept. 5 Minute Preview
G.12: : The student, given the coordinates of the center of a circle and a point on the circle, will write the equation of the circle.
G.12: : The student, given the coordinates of the center of a circle and a point on the circle, will write the equation of the circle.
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Circles
Compare the graph of a circle with its equation. Vary the terms in the equation and explore how the circle is translated and scaled in response. 5 Minute Preview
G.13: : The student will use formulas for surface area and volume of three-dimensional objects to solve real-world problems.
G.13: : The student will use formulas for surface area and volume of three-dimensional objects to solve real-world problems.

Prisms and Cylinders
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a prism or cylinder and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of an oblique prism or cylinder to the volume of a right prism or cylinder. 5 Minute Preview

Surface and Lateral Areas of Pyramids and Cones
Vary the dimensions of a pyramid or cone and investigate how the surface area changes. Use the dynamic net of the solid to compute the lateral area and the surface area of the solid. 5 Minute Preview
G.14: : The student will use similar geometric objects in two- or three-dimensions to
G.14.a: : compare ratios between side lengths, perimeters, areas, and volumes;
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Perimeters and Areas of Similar Figures
Manipulate two similar figures and vary the scale factor to see what changes are possible under similarity. Explore how the perimeters and areas of two similar figures compare. 5 Minute Preview
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Similar Figures
Vary the scale factor and rotation of an image and compare it to the preimage. Determine how the angle measures and side lengths of the two figures are related. 5 Minute Preview
G.14.d: : solve real-world problems about similar geometric objects.
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Similar Figures
Vary the scale factor and rotation of an image and compare it to the preimage. Determine how the angle measures and side lengths of the two figures are related. 5 Minute Preview
Correlation last revised: 9/16/2020
About STEM Cases
Students assume the role of a scientist trying to solve a real world problem. They use scientific practices to collect and analyze data, and form and test a hypothesis as they solve the problems.
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Each STEM Case uses realtime reporting to show live student results.
Introduction to the Heatmap
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STEM Cases take between 30-90 minutes for students to complete, depending on the case.
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Student progress is automatically saved so that STEM Cases can be completed over multiple sessions.
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Multiple grade-appropriate versions, or levels, exist for each STEM Case.
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Each STEM Case level has an associated Handbook. These are interactive guides that focus on the science concepts underlying the case.
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