Gwinnett, GA: Physics (2018) Gizmos | Browse by Core Curriculum

1: obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the relationship between distance, displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration as functions of time for one-dimensional motion

1.a: Calculate average velocity, instantaneous velocity, and acceleration in a given frame of reference.

1.b: Analyze and interpret data to explain the relationships between, position, velocity, and acceleration using position-time graphs and velocity-time graphs.

1.b.b1: Calculate the slope of a position-time graph and velocity-time graph in order to describe motion of an object.

1.b.b2: Use positive and negative signs to describe the vector nature of physical quantities.

1.b.b3: Compare and contrast scalar and vector quantities and give examples of each.

1.b.b4: Honors/Accelerated Extension: Calculate the areas of velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs to describe the displacement and velocity of an object.

1.c: Apply appropriate equations for uniformly accelerated motion to solve problems.

1.c.c1: Plan and carry out an investigation of one-dimensional (horizontal and vertical) motion to calculate average and instantaneous speed, velocity and acceleration.

1.c.c2: Investigate and explain that free fall acceleration is independent of mass.

2: obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the relationship between distance, displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration as functions of time for two-dimensional motion

2.a: Use vector diagrams to show magnitude and direction and to show the addition of parallel and perpendicular vectors.

2.a.a1: Use mathematical methods for vector addition to solve problems for vectors that are on the same line and perpendicular to each other.

2.b: Analyze and interpret data of two-dimensional motion with constant acceleration.

2.b.b1: Resolve position, velocity, or acceleration vectors into components. (x and y, horizontal and vertical)

2.b.b2: Calculate range and time in the air for a horizontally launched projectile. (no air resistance)

2.b.b3: Determine the acceleration and velocity at the top of the parabolic path of a projectile.

2.b.b4: Explain the independence of vertical and horizontal motion of a projectile along the trajectory. (conceptually explain launch angle, velocity and acceleration at all points)

2.b.b5: Plan and execute an experiment to investigate the projectile motion of an object by collecting and analyzing data using kinematic equations.

2.b.b6: Predict mathematically and describe how changes to initial conditions (height and horizontal velocity) affect the time of flight and range for horizontal projectiles.

3: obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about how forces affect the motion of objects

3.a: Construct an explanation based on evidence using Newton?s Laws of how forces affect the acceleration of a body.

3.a.a1: Explain and predict the motion of a body in absence of a net force and when forces are applied using Newton?s 1st Law (principle of inertia).

3.a.a3: Calculate the acceleration for an object using Newton?s 2nd Law, including situations where multiple forces act together.

3.a.a4: Identify the pair of equal and opposite forces between two interacting bodies and relate their magnitudes and directions using Newton?s 3rd Law.

3.b: Develop and use a model of a Free Body Diagram to represent the forces acting on an object (both equilibrium and non-equilibrium).

3.b.b1: Construct a free body diagram and identify applicable forces for an object on an inclined plane.

3.c: Use mathematical representations to calculate magnitudes and vector components for typical forces including gravitational force, normal force, friction forces, tension forces, and spring forces.

3.c.c1: Calculate the weight of various masses.

3.c.c5: Honors/Accelerated Extension: Calculate acceleration and magnitude of forces for an object on an inclined plane.

3.c.c6: Honors/Accelerated Extension: Perform calculations for spring forces using Hooke?s Law.

4: obtain, evalulate, and communicate information to identify the force or force component responsible for causing an object to move along a circular path

4.a: Plan and carry out an investigation to gather evidence to identify the force or force component responsible for causing an object to move along a circular path.

4.b: Calculate the magnitude of a centripetal acceleration.

4.c: Develop and use a model to describe the mathematical relationship between mass, distance, and force as expressed by Newton?s Universal Law of Gravitation. (Optional Extension: Identify and describe a system of torque-producing forces acting in equilibrium.)

5: obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the importance of law of conservation of energy in predicting the behavior of physical systems

5.b: Use mathematics and computational thinking to analyze, evaluate, and apply the principle of conservation of energy and the Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem for closed systems.

5.b.b1: Calculate the kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy of an object.

5.b.b2: Calculate the amount of work performed by a force on an object.

5.b.b4: Honors/Accelerated Extension: Analyze a force-position graph to determine the amount of work done on an object by a linear force.

6: obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the importance of Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum in predicting the behavior of physical systems

6.a: Describe situations in which momentum is and is not conserved

6.b: Construct an argument supported by evidence of the use of the principle of conservation of momentum to describe a physical system.

6.b.b3: Describe and perform calculations involving one dimensional momentum.

6.b.b5: Honors/Accelerated Extension: Experimentally and mathematically compare and contrast inelastic and elastic collisions.

7: obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about electrical force interactions

7.a: Develop and use mathematical models and generate diagrams to compare and contrast the electric and gravitational forces between two objects.

7.c: Predict changes in electric potential energy for a system of two like and unlike charges.

8: obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about electrical circuits

8.a: Explain current flow as the result of potential difference.

8.a.a1: Explain the flow of electrons in terms of alternating and direct current.

8.b: Plan and carry out an investigation of voltage, current, resistance, and power for a single resistor circuit.

8.b.b1: Calculate the cost of using electrical energy (kW-hr) in electrical appliances.

8.c: Compare and contrast series and parallel circuits.

8.c.c1: Illustrate circuit diagrams using appropriate symbols for resistors, battery, light bulbs, and switch.

8.c.c2: Plan and carry out an investigation to analyze simple series and parallel DC circuits.

8.c.c3: Apply Ohm?s Law to analyze steady-state DC circuits in series and parallel to determine the voltage across, current through, total resistance of and power dissipated/added by each element in the circuit.

8.c.c4: Explain the nature of household circuits and the use of fuses and circuit breakers within them.

9: obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about electrical and magnetic force interactions

9.a: Plan and carry out investigations to clarify the relationship between electric currents and magnetic fields.

9.a.a1: Honors/Accelerated Extension: Determine the direction of the magnetic field around a current- carrying straight wire using a right-hand rule.

9.c: Explore experimentally how magnetic induction creates an electric current.

9.d: Construct working models of electric motors and generators to show the interplay of electric and magnetic forces.

9.d.d2: Honors/Accelerated Extension: Determine the direction of the magnetic force for current-carrying wires and moving charges in magnetic fields using a right-hand rule.

10: obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the properties and applications of mechanical waves and sound

10.a: Develop and use mathematical models to explain mechanical and electromagnetic waves as a propagating disturbance that transfers energy.

10.a.a1: Mathematically describe how the velocity, frequency, and wavelength of a propagating wave are related.

10.b: Construct an explanation that analyzes the production and characteristics of sound waves.

10.b.b1: Explain Doppler Effect, standing waves, wavelength, the relationship between amplitude and the energy of the wave, and the relationship between frequency and pitch.

10.b.b2: Honors/Accelerated Extension: Calculate the shift in frequency due to the Doppler effect.

10.c: Honors/Accelerated Extension: Plan and carry out investigations examining resonance on a string and resonance in closed and open pipes.

11: obtain, evaluate, and communicate information about the properties and applications of electromagnetic waves

11.a: Plan and carry out investigations to characterize the properties and behavior of electromagnetic waves.

11.a.a1: Explain the properties of waves including, but not limited to, amplitude (intensity), frequency, wavelength, and the relationship between frequency or wavelength and the energy of the wave.

11.a.a2: Investigate and solve problems involving refraction of light in relation to the speed of light in media, index of refraction, and angles of incidence and refraction (Snell?s Law).

11.b: Develop and use models to describe and calculate characteristics related to the interference and diffraction of waves (single and double slits).

11.b.b1: Explain Doppler Effect, standing waves, wavelength, the relationship between amplitude and the energy of the wave, and the relationship between frequency and pitch.

11.b.b2: Construct an argument for the wave nature of light based on observations of diffraction patterns.

11.c: Plan and carry out investigations to describe common features of light in terms of color, polarization, spectral composition.

11.c.c1: Demonstrate the dispersion of white light into a color spectrum and the addition of primary and secondary colors to form white light.

12: plan and carry out investigations, using lenses and mirrors, to identify the behavior of light

12.a: Construct optical ray diagrams for lenses, curved mirrors, and plane mirrors and predict the properties (reduced/enlarged, real/virtual, upright/ inverted) of the image.

12.b: Perform calculations related to focal length, image distance, object distance and image magnification for thin lenses, curved mirrors, and plane mirrors.

13: obtain, evaluate and communicate information about nuclear changes of matter and related technological applications

13.a: Develop and use models to explain, compare, and contrast nuclear processes including radioactive decay, fission, and fusion.

13.b: Construct an argument to compare and contrast mechanisms and characteristics of radioactive decay.

13.b.b1: Explain alpha, beta, and gamma decays and their effects.

13.b.b2: Optional Extension : balance nuclear equations involving alpha and beta decay.

13.c: Develop and use mathematical and graphical models to calculate the amount of substance present after a given amount of time based on its half-life and relate this to the law of conservation of mass and energy. (Calculation should be limited to integer multiples of half-life.)

13.c.c1: Honors/Accelerated Extension: Use mathematics and computational thinking to apply the exponential decay equation.