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  • Carnegie Textbooks
  • Algebra 1 (2008)

Algebra 1 (2008)

1: Patterns and Multiple Representations

1.1: Patterns and Sequences

Screenshot of Arithmetic Sequences

Arithmetic Sequences

Find the value of individual terms in arithmetic sequences using graphs of the sequences and direct computation. Vary the common difference and examine how the sequences change in response. 5 Minute Preview


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1.2: Finding the 10th Term of a Sequence

Screenshot of Pattern Flip (Patterns)

Pattern Flip (Patterns)

In the Pattern Flip carnival game, you are shown a pattern of cards. The first cards are face-up so you can see the pattern, and the rest are face-down. Can you guess which animals are on the face-down cards? Use one of the preset patterns, or make your own custom pattern. Good luck! 5 Minute Preview


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1.6: Using Multiple Representations, Part 1

Screenshot of Graphing Skills

Graphing Skills

Create a graph (bar graph, line graph, pie chart, or scatter plot) based on a given data set. Title the graph, label the axes, and choose a scale. Adjust the graph to fit the data, and then check your accuracy. The Gizmo can also be used to create a data table based on a given graph. 5 Minute Preview


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1.7: Using Multiple Representations, Part 2

Screenshot of Graphing Skills

Graphing Skills

Create a graph (bar graph, line graph, pie chart, or scatter plot) based on a given data set. Title the graph, label the axes, and choose a scale. Adjust the graph to fit the data, and then check your accuracy. The Gizmo can also be used to create a data table based on a given graph. 5 Minute Preview


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1.8: Using Tables, Graphs, and Equations, part 1

Screenshot of Points, Lines, and Equations

Points, Lines, and Equations

Compare the graph of a linear function to its rule and to a table of its values. Change the function by dragging two points on the line. Examine how the rule and table change. 5 Minute Preview


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1.9: Using Tables, Graphs, and Equations, Part 2

Screenshot of Points, Lines, and Equations

Points, Lines, and Equations

Compare the graph of a linear function to its rule and to a table of its values. Change the function by dragging two points on the line. Examine how the rule and table change. 5 Minute Preview


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2: Proportional Reasoning, Percents, and Direct Variation

2.1: Using Samples, Ratios, and Proportional to Make Predictions

Screenshot of Polling: Neighborhood

Polling: Neighborhood

Conduct a phone poll of citizens in a small neighborhood to determine their response to a yes-or-no question. Use the results to estimate the sentiment of the entire population. Investigate how the error of this estimate becomes smaller as more people are polled. Compare random versus non-random sampling. 5 Minute Preview


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2.2: Ratios, Rates, and Mixture Problems

Screenshot of Measuring Motion

Measuring Motion

Go on an African safari and observe a variety of animals walking and running across the savanna. Videotape the animals, and then play back the videotape to estimate animal speeds. Which animals run fastest? 5 Minute Preview


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2.3: Proportions and Indirect Measurement

Screenshot of Estimating Population Size

Estimating Population Size

Adjust the number of fish in a lake to be tagged and the number of fish to be recaptured. Use the number of tagged fish in the catch to estimate the number of fish in the lake. 5 Minute Preview


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Screenshot of Perimeters and Areas of Similar Figures

Perimeters and Areas of Similar Figures

Manipulate two similar figures and vary the scale factor to see what changes are possible under similarity. Explore how the perimeters and areas of two similar figures compare. 5 Minute Preview


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Screenshot of Similar Figures

Similar Figures

Vary the scale factor and rotation of an image and compare it to the preimage. Determine how the angle measures and side lengths of the two figures are related. 5 Minute Preview


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2.4: Ratios and Part-to-Whole Relationships

Screenshot of Part-to-part and Part-to-whole Ratios

Part-to-part and Part-to-whole Ratios

Compare a ratio represented by an area with its percent, fraction, and decimal forms. 5 Minute Preview


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2.5: Ratios, Part-to-Part Relationships, and Direct Variation

Screenshot of Direct and Inverse Variation

Direct and Inverse Variation

Adjust the constant of variation and explore how the graph of the direct or inverse variation function changes in response. Compare direct variation functions to inverse variation functions. 5 Minute Preview


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Screenshot of Part-to-part and Part-to-whole Ratios

Part-to-part and Part-to-whole Ratios

Compare a ratio represented by an area with its percent, fraction, and decimal forms. 5 Minute Preview


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2.6: Using Percents

Screenshot of Percents and Proportions

Percents and Proportions

Find a part from the percent and whole, a percent from the part and whole, or a whole from the part and percent using a graphic model. 5 Minute Preview


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2.7: Percents and Taxes

Screenshot of Percents and Proportions

Percents and Proportions

Find a part from the percent and whole, a percent from the part and whole, or a whole from the part and percent using a graphic model. 5 Minute Preview


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3: Solving Linear Equations

3.1: Solving One-Step Equations

Screenshot of Modeling One-Step Equations

Modeling One-Step Equations

Solve a linear equation using a tile model. Use feedback to diagnose incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview


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3.2: Solving Two-Step equations

Screenshot of Modeling and Solving Two-Step Equations

Modeling and Solving Two-Step Equations

Solve a two-step equation using a cup-and-counter model. Use step-by-step feedback to diagnose and correct incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview


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Screenshot of Solving Two-Step Equations

Solving Two-Step Equations

Choose the correct steps to solve a two-step equation. Use the feedback to diagnose incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview


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3.3: Using the Percent Equation

Screenshot of Percents and Proportions

Percents and Proportions

Find a part from the percent and whole, a percent from the part and whole, or a whole from the part and percent using a graphic model. 5 Minute Preview


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3.6: Integers and Integer Operations

Screenshot of Adding and Subtracting Integers

Adding and Subtracting Integers

Add and subtract integers on a number line using dynamic arrows. 5 Minute Preview


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Screenshot of Adding and Subtracting Integers with Chips

Adding and Subtracting Integers with Chips

Use chips to model addition and subtraction of positives and negatives. Explore the effect of zero pairs. See how to use zero pairs to help special cases of addition and subtraction. 5 Minute Preview


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3.7: The Coordinate Plane

Screenshot of Points in the Coordinate Plane

Points in the Coordinate Plane

Identify the coordinates of a point in the coordinate plane. Drag the point in the plane and investigate how the coordinates change in response. 5 Minute Preview


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3.8: Using a Graph of an Equation

Screenshot of Solving Equations by Graphing Each Side

Solving Equations by Graphing Each Side

Solve an equation by graphing each side and finding the intersection of the lines. Vary the coefficients in the equation and explore how the graph changes in response. 5 Minute Preview


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4: Linear Functions and Inequalities

4.1: Solving and Graphing Inequalities in One Variable

Screenshot of Solving Linear Inequalities in One Variable

Solving Linear Inequalities in One Variable

Solve one-step inequalities in one variable. Graph the solution on a number line. 5 Minute Preview


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Screenshot of Solving Linear Inequalities in One Variable

Solving Linear Inequalities in One Variable

Solve one-step inequalities in one variable. Graph the solution on a number line. 5 Minute Preview


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4.2: Relations and Functions

Screenshot of Introduction to Functions

Introduction to Functions

Determine if a relation is a function using the mapping diagram, ordered pairs, or the graph of the relation. Drag arrows from the domain to the range, type in ordered pairs, or drag points to the graph to add inputs and outputs to the relation. 5 Minute Preview


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4.4: The Distributive Property

Screenshot of Chocomatic (Multiplication, Arrays, and Area)

Chocomatic (Multiplication, Arrays, and Area)

Use the Chocomatic to design candy bars made out of chocolate squares. Use multiplication to find the number of squares in each chocolate bar. Build collections of chocolate bars that all have the same number of squares. Solve multiplication problems by joining two smaller chocolate bars into a large bar. 5 Minute Preview


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4.7: Solving Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities

Screenshot of Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities

Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities

Solve an inequality involving absolute values using a graph of the absolute-value function. Vary the terms of the absolute-value function and vary the value that you are comparing it to. Then explore how the graph and solution set change in response. 5 Minute Preview


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5: Writing and Graphing Linear Equations

5.3: Finding the Slope of a line

Screenshot of Slope

Slope

Explore the slope of a line, and learn how to calculate slope. Adjust the line by moving points that are on the line, and see how its slope changes. 5 Minute Preview


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5.4: Slope-Intercept Form

Screenshot of Slope-Intercept Form of a Line

Slope-Intercept Form of a Line

Compare the slope-intercept form of a linear equation to its graph. Vary the coefficients and explore how the graph changes in response. 5 Minute Preview


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5.5: Writing Equations of Lines

Screenshot of Point-Slope Form of a Line

Point-Slope Form of a Line

Compare the point-slope form of a linear equation to its graph. Vary the coefficients and explore how the graph changes in response. 5 Minute Preview


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5.6: Linear and Piecewise Functions

Screenshot of Linear Functions

Linear Functions

Determine if a relation is a function from the mapping diagram, ordered pairs, or graph. Use the graph to determine if it is linear. 5 Minute Preview


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5.7: Standard Form of a Linear Equation

Screenshot of Standard Form of a Line

Standard Form of a Line

Compare the standard form of a linear equation to its graph. Vary the coefficients and explore how the graph changes in response. 5 Minute Preview


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5.8: Solving Literal Equations

Screenshot of Solving Formulas for any Variable

Solving Formulas for any Variable

Choose the correct steps to solve a formula for a given variable. Use the feedback to diagnose incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview


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6: Lines of Best Fit

6.1: Drawing the Line of Best Fit

Screenshot of Trends in Scatter Plots

Trends in Scatter Plots

Examine the scatter plot for a random data set with negative or positive correlation. Vary the correlation and explore how correlation is reflected in the scatter plot and the trend line. 5 Minute Preview


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6.2: Using Lines of Best Fit

Screenshot of Solving Using Trend Lines

Solving Using Trend Lines

Examine the scatter plots for data related to weather at different latitudes. The Gizmo includes three different data sets, one with negative correlation, one positive, and one with no correlation. Compare the least squares best-fit line. 5 Minute Preview


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6.3: Performing an Experiment

Screenshot of Determining a Spring Constant

Determining a Spring Constant

Place a pan on the end of a hanging spring. Measure how much the spring stretches when various masses are added to the pan. Create a graph of displacement vs. mass to determine the spring constant of the spring. 5 Minute Preview


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6.4: Correlations

Screenshot of Correlation

Correlation

Explore the relationship between the correlation coefficient of a data set and its graph. Fit a line to the data and compare the least-squares fit line. 5 Minute Preview


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6.5: Using Technology to Find a Linear Regression Equation, Part 1

Screenshot of Least-Squares Best Fit Lines

Least-Squares Best Fit Lines

Fit a line to the data in a scatter plot using your own judgment. Then compare the least squares line of best fit. 5 Minute Preview


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6.6: Using Technology to Find a Linear Regression Equation, Part 2

Screenshot of Least-Squares Best Fit Lines

Least-Squares Best Fit Lines

Fit a line to the data in a scatter plot using your own judgment. Then compare the least squares line of best fit. 5 Minute Preview


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7: Systems of Equations and Inequalities

7.1: Using a Graph to Solve a Liner System

Screenshot of Solving Linear Systems (Slope-Intercept Form)

Solving Linear Systems (Slope-Intercept Form)

Solve systems of linear equations, given in slope-intercept form, both graphically and algebraically. Use a draggable green point to examine what it means for an (x, y) point to be a solution of one equation, or of a system of two equations. 5 Minute Preview


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7.2: Graphs and Solutions o Linear Systems

Screenshot of Solving Linear Systems (Standard Form)

Solving Linear Systems (Standard Form)

Solve systems of linear equations, written in standard form. Explore what it means to solve systems algebraically (with substitution or elimination) and graphically. Also, use a draggable green point to see what it means when (x, y) values are solutions of an equation, or of a system of equations. 5 Minute Preview


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7.4: Using Linear Combinations to Solve a Linear System

Screenshot of Solving Linear Systems (Matrices and Special Solutions)

Solving Linear Systems (Matrices and Special Solutions)

Explore systems of linear equations, and how many solutions a system can have. Express systems in matrix form. See how the determinant of the coefficient matrix reveals how many solutions a system of equations has. Also, use a draggable green point to see what it means for an (x, y) point to be a solution of an equation, or of a system of equations. 5 Minute Preview


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7.8: Writing and Graphing an Inequality in Two Variables

Screenshot of Linear Inequalities in Two Variables

Linear Inequalities in Two Variables

Find the solution set to a linear inequality in two variables using the graph of the linear inequality. Vary the terms of the inequality and vary the inequality symbol. Examine how the boundary line and shaded region change in response. 5 Minute Preview


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7.9: Solving Systems of Linear Inequalities

Screenshot of Systems of Linear Inequalities (Slope-intercept form)

Systems of Linear Inequalities (Slope-intercept form)

Compare a system of linear inequalities to its graph. Vary the coefficients and inequality symbols in the system and explore how the boundary lines, shaded regions, and the intersection of the shaded regions change in response. 5 Minute Preview


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8: Quadratic Functions

8.1: Introduction to Quadratic Functions

Screenshot of Quadratics in Polynomial Form

Quadratics in Polynomial Form

Compare the graph of a quadratic to its equation in polynomial form. Vary the coefficients of the equation and explore how the graph changes in response. 5 Minute Preview


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8.2: Parabolas

Screenshot of Parabolas

Parabolas

Explore parabolas in a conic section context. Find the relationship among the vertex, focus, and directrix of a parabola, and how that relates to its equation. 5 Minute Preview


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8.4: Square Roots and Radicals

Screenshot of Square Roots

Square Roots

Explore the meaning of square roots using an area model. Use the side length of a square to find the square root of a decimal number or a whole number. 5 Minute Preview


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8.6: Using the Quadratic Formula to Solve Quadratic Equations

Screenshot of Roots of a Quadratic

Roots of a Quadratic

Find the root of a quadratic using its graph or the quadratic formula. Explore the graph of the roots and the point of symmetry in the complex plane. Compare the axis of symmetry and graph of the quadratic in the real plane. 5 Minute Preview


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8.7: Using a Vertical Motion Model

Screenshot of Golf Range

Golf Range

Try to get a hole in one by adjusting the velocity and launch angle of a golf ball. Explore the physics of projectile motion in a frictional or ideal setting. Horizontal and vertical velocity vectors can be displayed, as well as the path of the ball. The height of the golfer and the force of gravity are also adjustable. 5 Minute Preview


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Screenshot of Pendulum Clock

Pendulum Clock

Find the effect of length, mass, and angle on the period of a pendulum. The pendulum is attached to a clock that can be adjusted to tell time accurately. The clock can be located on Earth or Jupiter to determine the effect of gravity. 5 Minute Preview


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8.8: Using Quadratic Functions

Screenshot of Ray Tracing (Lenses)

Ray Tracing (Lenses)

Observe light rays that pass through a convex or concave lens. Manipulate the position of an object and the focal length of the lens and measure the distance and size of the resulting image. 5 Minute Preview


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9: Properties of Exponents

9.1: Powers and Prime Factorization

Screenshot of Finding Factors with Area Models

Finding Factors with Area Models

Find factors of a number using an area model. Reshape the area rectangle to see different factorizations of the number. Find the prime factorization using a factor tree. 5 Minute Preview


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9.2: Multiplying and Dividing Powers

Screenshot of Dividing Exponential Expressions

Dividing Exponential Expressions

Choose the correct steps to divide exponential expressions. Use the feedback to diagnose incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview


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Screenshot of Multiplying Exponential Expressions

Multiplying Exponential Expressions

Choose the correct steps to multiply exponential expressions. Use the feedback to diagnose incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview


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9.3: Zero and Negative Exponents

Screenshot of Multiplying Exponential Expressions

Multiplying Exponential Expressions

Choose the correct steps to multiply exponential expressions. Use the feedback to diagnose incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview


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9.5: Properties of Powers

Screenshot of Exponents and Power Rules

Exponents and Power Rules

Choose the correct steps to simplify expressions with exponents using the rules of exponents and powers. Use feedback to diagnose incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview


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10: Polynomial Functions and Rational Expressions

10.1: Polynomials and Polynomial Functions

Screenshot of Graphs of Polynomial Functions

Graphs of Polynomial Functions

Study the graphs of polynomials up to the fourth degree. Vary the coefficients of the equation and investigate how the graph changes in response. Explore things like intercepts, end behavior, and even near-zero behavior. 5 Minute Preview


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Screenshot of Graphs of Polynomial Functions

Graphs of Polynomial Functions

Study the graphs of polynomials up to the fourth degree. Vary the coefficients of the equation and investigate how the graph changes in response. Explore things like intercepts, end behavior, and even near-zero behavior. 5 Minute Preview


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10.2: Adding and Subtracting Polynomials

Screenshot of Addition and Subtraction of Functions

Addition and Subtraction of Functions

Explore the graphs of two polynomials and the graph of their sum or difference. Vary the coefficients in the polynomials and investigate how the graphs change in response. 5 Minute Preview


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Screenshot of Addition of Polynomials

Addition of Polynomials

Add polynomials using an area model. Use step-by-step feedback to diagnose any mistakes. 5 Minute Preview


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10.5: Factoring Polynomials

Screenshot of Factoring Special Products

Factoring Special Products

Choose the correct steps to factor a polynomial involving perfect-square binomials, differences of squares, or constant factors. Use the feedback to diagnose incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview


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Screenshot of Modeling the Factorization of <em>ax</em><sup>2</sup>+<em>bx</em>+<em>c</em>

Modeling the Factorization of ax2+bx+c

Factor a polynomial with a leading coefficient greater than 1 using an area model. Use step-by-step feedback to diagnose any mistakes. 5 Minute Preview


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Screenshot of Modeling the Factorization of <em>x</em><sup>2</sup>+<em>bx</em>+<em>c</em>

Modeling the Factorization of x2+bx+c

Factor a polynomial with a leading coefficient equal to 1 using an area model. Use step-by-step feedback to diagnose any mistakes. 5 Minute Preview


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11: Probability

11.1: Introduction to Probability

Screenshot of Spin the Big Wheel! (Probability)

Spin the Big Wheel! (Probability)

Step right up! Spin the big wheel! Each spin can result in no prize, a small prize, or a big prize. The wheel can be spun by 1, 10, or 100 players. Results are recorded on a frequency table or a circle graph. You can also design your own wheel and a sign that describes the probabilities for your wheel. 5 Minute Preview


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11.2: Theoretical and Experimental Probabilities

Screenshot of Theoretical and Experimental Probability

Theoretical and Experimental Probability

Experiment with spinners and compare the experimental probability of a particular outcome to the theoretical probability. Select the number of spinners, the number of sections on a spinner, and a favorable outcome of a spin. Then tally the number of favorable outcomes. 5 Minute Preview


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11.3: Using Probabilities to Make Predictions

Screenshot of Probability Simulations

Probability Simulations

Experiment with spinners and compare the experimental probability of particular outcomes to the theoretical probability. Select the number of spinners, the number of sections on a spinner, and a favorable outcome of a spin. Then tally the number of favorable outcomes. 5 Minute Preview


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11.4: Graphing Frequencies of Outcomes

Screenshot of Populations and Samples

Populations and Samples

Compare sample distributions drawn from population distributions. Predict characteristics of a population distribution based on a sample distribution and examine how well a small sample represents a given population. 5 Minute Preview


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11.5: Counting and Permutations

Screenshot of Permutations and Combinations

Permutations and Combinations

Experiment with permutations and combinations of a number of letters represented by letter tiles selected at random from a box. Count the permutations and combinations using a dynamic tree diagram, a dynamic list of permutations, and a dynamic computation by the counting principle. 5 Minute Preview


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11.6: Permutations and Combinations

Screenshot of Permutations and Combinations

Permutations and Combinations

Experiment with permutations and combinations of a number of letters represented by letter tiles selected at random from a box. Count the permutations and combinations using a dynamic tree diagram, a dynamic list of permutations, and a dynamic computation by the counting principle. 5 Minute Preview


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11.7: Independent and Dependent Events

Screenshot of Independent and Dependent Events

Independent and Dependent Events

Compare the theoretical and experimental probabilities of drawing colored marbles from a bag. Record results of successive draws to find the experimental probability. Perform the drawings with replacement of the marbles to study independent events, or without replacement to explore dependent events. 5 Minute Preview


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Screenshot of Independent and Dependent Events

Independent and Dependent Events

Compare the theoretical and experimental probabilities of drawing colored marbles from a bag. Record results of successive draws to find the experimental probability. Perform the drawings with replacement of the marbles to study independent events, or without replacement to explore dependent events. 5 Minute Preview


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11.8: Geometric Probabilities

Screenshot of Geometric Probability

Geometric Probability

Randomly throw darts at a target and see what percent are "hits." Vary the size of the target and repeat the experiment. Study the relationship between the area of the target and the percent of darts that strike it 5 Minute Preview


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12: Statistical Analysis

12.1: Measures of Central Tendency

Screenshot of Mean, Median, and Mode

Mean, Median, and Mode

Build a data set and find the mean, median, and mode. Explore the mean, median, and mode illustrated as frogs on a seesaw, frogs on a scale, and as frogs stacked under a bar of variable height. 5 Minute Preview


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12.3: Quartiles and Box-and-Whisker Plots

Screenshot of Box-and-Whisker Plots

Box-and-Whisker Plots

Construct a box-and-whisker plot to match a line plots, and construct a line plot to match a box-and-whisker plots. Manipulate the line plot and examine how the box-and-whisker plot changes. Then manipulate the box-and-whisker plot and examine how the line plot changes. 5 Minute Preview


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12.4: Sample Variance and Standard Deviation

Screenshot of Sight vs. Sound Reactions

Sight vs. Sound Reactions

Measure your reaction time by clicking your mouse as quickly as possible when visual or auditory stimuli are presented. The individual response times are recorded, as well as the mean and standard deviation for each test. A histogram of data shows overall trends in sight and sound response times. The type of test as well as the symbols and sounds used are chosen by the user. 5 Minute Preview


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13: Quadratic and Exponential Functions and Logic

13.1: The Pythagorean Theorem and Its Converse

Screenshot of Pythagorean Theorem with a Geoboard

Pythagorean Theorem with a Geoboard

Build right triangles in an interactive geoboard and build squares on the sides of the triangles to discover the Pythagorean Theorem. 5 Minute Preview


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Screenshot of Pythagorean Theorem

Pythagorean Theorem

Explore the Pythagorean Theorem using a dynamic right triangle. Examine a visual, geometric application of the Pythagorean Theorem, using the areas of squares on the sides of the triangle. 5 Minute Preview


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13.2: The Distance and Midpoint Formulas

Screenshot of Distance Formula

Distance Formula

Explore the distance formula as an application of the Pythagorean theorem. Learn to see any two points as the endpoints of the hypotenuse of a right triangle. Drag those points and examine changes to the triangle and the distance calculation. 5 Minute Preview


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13.4: Vertex Form of a Quadratic Equation

Screenshot of Quadratics in Vertex Form

Quadratics in Vertex Form

Compare the graph of a quadratic to its equation in vertex form. Vary the terms of the equation and explore how the graph changes in response. 5 Minute Preview


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13.5: Graphing by Using Parent Functions

Screenshot of Translating and Scaling Functions

Translating and Scaling Functions

Vary the coefficients in the equation of a function and examine how the graph of the function is translated or scaled. Select different functions to translate and scale, and determine what they have in common. 5 Minute Preview


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13.6: Introduction to Exponential Functions

Screenshot of Exponential Functions

Exponential Functions

Explore the graph of an exponential function. Vary the coefficient and base of the function and investigate the changes to the graph of the function. 5 Minute Preview


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13.7: Exponential Growth and Decay

Screenshot of Exponential Growth and Decay

Exponential Growth and Decay

Explore the graph of the exponential growth or decay function. Vary the initial amount and the rate of growth or decay and investigate the changes to the graph. 5 Minute Preview


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Screenshot of Half-life

Half-life

Investigate the decay of a radioactive substance. The half-life and the number of radioactive atoms can be adjusted, and theoretical or random decay can be observed. Data can be interpreted visually using a dynamic graph, a bar chart, and a table. Determine the half-lives of two sample isotopes as well as samples with randomly generated half-lives. 5 Minute Preview


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Screenshot of Compound Interest

Compound Interest

Explore compound interest in-depth, from compounded annually to compounded continuously. In addition, compare the END POINTS graph, with dots that fit an exponential curve, to the ALL TIME graph, which has a more step-like appearance. 5 Minute Preview


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13.8: Special Topic: Logic

Screenshot of Biconditional Statements

Biconditional Statements

Make a biconditional statement from a given definition using word tiles. Use both symbolic form and standard English form. 5 Minute Preview


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Screenshot of Conditional Statements

Conditional Statements

Make a conditional statement from a given fact using word tiles. Use both symbolic form and standard English form. 5 Minute Preview


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