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Montana - Mathematics: Grade 8
2026 Content Standards | Adopted: 2025
MT.8.NS: The Number System
MT.8.NS.1: Know real numbers are made up of rational and irrational numbers, understand informally that every number has a decimal expansion, and convert a decimal expansion which repeats eventually into a rational number.
Circumference and Area of Circles
Resize a circle and compare its radius, circumference, and area. 5 Minute Preview
Percents, Fractions, and Decimals
Compare a quantity represented by an area with its percent, fraction, and decimal forms. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.NS.2: Use rational approximations of irrational numbers to compare the value of irrational numbers, locate them approximately on a number line diagram, and estimate the value of expressions.
Square Roots
Explore the meaning of square roots using an area model. Use the side length of a square to find the square root of a decimal number or a whole number. 5 Minute Preview
Circumference and Area of Circles
Resize a circle and compare its radius, circumference, and area. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.EE: Expressions and Equations
MT.8.EE.1: Know and apply the properties of integer exponents to generate equivalent numerical expressions.
Exponents and Power Rules
Choose the correct steps to simplify expressions with exponents using the rules of exponents and powers. Use feedback to diagnose incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview
Dividing Exponential Expressions
Choose the correct steps to divide exponential expressions. Use the feedback to diagnose incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview
Multiplying Exponential Expressions
Choose the correct steps to multiply exponential expressions. Use the feedback to diagnose incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.EE.2: Use square root and cube root symbols to represent solutions to equations of the form 𝑥² = 𝑝 and 𝑥³ = 𝑝, where 𝑝 is a positive rational number and evaluate square roots of small perfect squares and cube roots of small perfect cubes.
Square Roots
Explore the meaning of square roots using an area model. Use the side length of a square to find the square root of a decimal number or a whole number. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.EE.3: Represent very large or very small quantities using scientific notation, limited to a single digit times an integer power of ten.
Unit Conversions 2 - Scientific Notation and Significant Digits
Use the Unit Conversions Gizmo to explore the concepts of scientific notation and significant digits. Convert numbers to and from scientific notation. Determine the number of significant digits in a measured value and in a calculation. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.EE.4: Perform operations with numbers expressed in scientific notation.
Unit Conversions 2 - Scientific Notation and Significant Digits
Use the Unit Conversions Gizmo to explore the concepts of scientific notation and significant digits. Convert numbers to and from scientific notation. Determine the number of significant digits in a measured value and in a calculation. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.EE.5: Graph proportional relationships, interpret the unit rate as the slope of the graph, and compare two different proportional relationships as tables, graphs, and equations.
Direct and Inverse Variation
Adjust the constant of variation and explore how the graph of the direct or inverse variation function changes in response. Compare direct variation functions to inverse variation functions. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.EE.6: Use similar triangles to explain why the slope m is the same between any two distinct points on a nonvertical line in the coordinate plane and derive the equation 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 for a line through the origin and the equation 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 for a line intercepting the vertical axis at 𝑏.
Slope-Intercept Form of a Line
Compare the slope-intercept form of a linear equation to its graph. Vary the coefficients and explore how the graph changes in response. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.EE.7: Solve linear equations in one variable by:
MT.8.EE.7.a: Giving examples of linear equations in one variable with one solution, infinitely many solutions, or no solutions and showing which of these possibilities is the case by successively transforming the given equation into simpler forms, until an equivalent equation of the form 𝑥 = 𝑎, 𝑎 = 𝑎, or 𝑎 = 𝑏 results (where a and 𝑏 are different numbers), and
Solving Equations by Graphing Each Side
Solve an equation by graphing each side and finding the intersection of the lines. Vary the coefficients in the equation and explore how the graph changes in response. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.EE.7.b: Solving linear equations with rational number coefficients, including equations whose solutions require expanding expressions using the distributive property and collecting like terms.
Solving Equations by Graphing Each Side
Solve an equation by graphing each side and finding the intersection of the lines. Vary the coefficients in the equation and explore how the graph changes in response. 5 Minute Preview
Modeling and Solving Two-Step Equations
Solve a two-step equation using a cup-and-counter model. Use step-by-step feedback to diagnose and correct incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview
Solving Two-Step Equations
Choose the correct steps to solve a two-step equation. Use the feedback to diagnose incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview
Solving Algebraic Equations II
Is solving equations tricky? If you know how to isolate a variable, you're halfway there. The other half? Don't do anything to upset the balance of an equation. Join our plucky variable friend as he encounters algebraic equations and a (sometimes grumpy) equal sign. With a little practice, you'll find that solving equations isn't tricky at all. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.EE.8: Analyze and solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations by:
MT.8.EE.8.a: Understanding that solutions to a system of two linear equations in two variables correspond to points of intersection of their graphs, because points of intersection satisfy both equations simultaneously,
Cat and Mouse (Modeling with Linear Systems)
Experiment with a system of two lines representing a cat-and-mouse chase. Adjust the speeds of the cat and mouse and the head start of the mouse, and immediately see the effects on the graph and on the chase. Connect real-world meaning to slope, y-intercept, and the intersection of lines. 5 Minute Preview
Solving Linear Systems (Slope-Intercept Form)
Solve systems of linear equations, given in slope-intercept form, both graphically and algebraically. Use a draggable green point to examine what it means for an
Solving Linear Systems (Standard Form)
Solve systems of linear equations, written in standard form. Explore what it means to solve systems algebraically (with substitution or elimination) and graphically. Also, use a draggable green point to see what it means when (x, y) values are solutions of an equation, or of a system of equations. 5 Minute Preview
Solving Equations by Graphing Each Side
Solve an equation by graphing each side and finding the intersection of the lines. Vary the coefficients in the equation and explore how the graph changes in response. 5 Minute Preview
Cat and Mouse (Modeling with Linear Systems) - Metric
Experiment with a system of two lines representing a cat-and-mouse chase. Adjust the speeds of the cat and mouse and the head start of the mouse, and immediately see the effects on the graph and on the chase. Connect real-world meaning to slope, y-intercept, and the intersection of lines. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.EE.8.b: Solving systems of two linear equations in two variables algebraically, estimating solutions by graphing the equations, and solving simple cases by inspection, and
Cat and Mouse (Modeling with Linear Systems)
Experiment with a system of two lines representing a cat-and-mouse chase. Adjust the speeds of the cat and mouse and the head start of the mouse, and immediately see the effects on the graph and on the chase. Connect real-world meaning to slope, y-intercept, and the intersection of lines. 5 Minute Preview
Solving Linear Systems (Slope-Intercept Form)
Solve systems of linear equations, given in slope-intercept form, both graphically and algebraically. Use a draggable green point to examine what it means for an
Solving Linear Systems (Standard Form)
Solve systems of linear equations, written in standard form. Explore what it means to solve systems algebraically (with substitution or elimination) and graphically. Also, use a draggable green point to see what it means when (x, y) values are solutions of an equation, or of a system of equations. 5 Minute Preview
Cat and Mouse (Modeling with Linear Systems) - Metric
Experiment with a system of two lines representing a cat-and-mouse chase. Adjust the speeds of the cat and mouse and the head start of the mouse, and immediately see the effects on the graph and on the chase. Connect real-world meaning to slope, y-intercept, and the intersection of lines. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.EE.8.c: Solving problems in context that lead to two linear equations in two variables. This standard should incorporate cultural context relating to Montana Indigenous Peoples and local communities.
Cat and Mouse (Modeling with Linear Systems)
Experiment with a system of two lines representing a cat-and-mouse chase. Adjust the speeds of the cat and mouse and the head start of the mouse, and immediately see the effects on the graph and on the chase. Connect real-world meaning to slope, y-intercept, and the intersection of lines. 5 Minute Preview
Solving Linear Systems (Slope-Intercept Form)
Solve systems of linear equations, given in slope-intercept form, both graphically and algebraically. Use a draggable green point to examine what it means for an
Solving Linear Systems (Standard Form)
Solve systems of linear equations, written in standard form. Explore what it means to solve systems algebraically (with substitution or elimination) and graphically. Also, use a draggable green point to see what it means when (x, y) values are solutions of an equation, or of a system of equations. 5 Minute Preview
Cat and Mouse (Modeling with Linear Systems) - Metric
Experiment with a system of two lines representing a cat-and-mouse chase. Adjust the speeds of the cat and mouse and the head start of the mouse, and immediately see the effects on the graph and on the chase. Connect real-world meaning to slope, y-intercept, and the intersection of lines. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.F: Functions
MT.8.F.1: Understand that a function is a rule that assigns to each input exactly one output and the graph of a function is the set of ordered pairs (𝑥,𝑦) each consisting of an input, 𝑥, and the corresponding output, 𝑦.
Introduction to Functions
Determine if a relation is a function using the mapping diagram, ordered pairs, or the graph of the relation. Drag arrows from the domain to the range, type in ordered pairs, or drag points to the graph to add inputs and outputs to the relation. 5 Minute Preview
Linear Functions
Determine if a relation is a function from the mapping diagram, ordered pairs, or graph. Use the graph to determine if it is linear. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.F.3: Interpret the equation 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 as defining a linear function whose graph is a straight line with slope m passing through the point (0, 𝑏).
Absolute Value with Linear Functions
Compare the graph of a linear function, the graph of an absolute-value function, and the graphs of their translations. Vary the coefficients and constants in the functions and investigate how the graphs change in response. 5 Minute Preview
Slope-Intercept Form of a Line
Compare the slope-intercept form of a linear equation to its graph. Vary the coefficients and explore how the graph changes in response. 5 Minute Preview
Linear Functions
Determine if a relation is a function from the mapping diagram, ordered pairs, or graph. Use the graph to determine if it is linear. 5 Minute Preview
Points, Lines, and Equations
Compare the graph of a linear function to its rule and to a table of its values. Change the function by dragging two points on the line. Examine how the rule and table change. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.F.4: Given linear data relating two quantities, construct a linear function that models the data and interpret the rate of change and initial value of a linear function in terms of the situation it models.
Cat and Mouse (Modeling with Linear Systems)
Experiment with a system of two lines representing a cat-and-mouse chase. Adjust the speeds of the cat and mouse and the head start of the mouse, and immediately see the effects on the graph and on the chase. Connect real-world meaning to slope, y-intercept, and the intersection of lines. 5 Minute Preview
Distance-Time Graphs
Create a graph of a runner's position versus time and watch the runner complete a 40-yard dash based on the graph you made. Notice the connection between the slope of the line and the speed of the runner. What will the runner do if the slope of the line is zero? What if the slope is negative? Add a second runner (a second graph) and connect real-world meaning to the intersection of two graphs. 5 Minute Preview
Distance-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs
Create a graph of a runner's position versus time and watch the runner run a 40-yard dash based on the graph you made. Notice the connection between the slope of the line and the velocity of the runner. Add a second runner (a second graph) and connect real-world meaning to the intersection of two graphs. Also experiment with a graph of velocity versus time for the runners, and also distance traveled versus time. 5 Minute Preview
Cat and Mouse (Modeling with Linear Systems) - Metric
Experiment with a system of two lines representing a cat-and-mouse chase. Adjust the speeds of the cat and mouse and the head start of the mouse, and immediately see the effects on the graph and on the chase. Connect real-world meaning to slope, y-intercept, and the intersection of lines. 5 Minute Preview
Distance-Time Graphs - Metric
Create a graph of a runner's position versus time and watch the runner complete a 40-meter dash based on the graph you made. Notice the connection between the slope of the line and the speed of the runner. What will the runner do if the slope of the line is zero? What if the slope is negative? Add a second runner (a second graph) and connect real-world meaning to the intersection of two graphs. 5 Minute Preview
Distance-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs - Metric
Create a graph of a runner's position versus time and watch the runner run a 40-meter dash based on the graph you made. Notice the connection between the slope of the line and the velocity of the runner. Add a second runner (a second graph) and connect real-world meaning to the intersection of two graphs. Also experiment with a graph of velocity versus time for the runners, and also distance traveled versus time. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.F.5: Given the graph of a function, describe qualitatively the functional relationship between quantities, and, given a verbal description of a functional relationship, sketch a graph that exhibits the qualitative features of a function.
Absolute Value with Linear Functions
Compare the graph of a linear function, the graph of an absolute-value function, and the graphs of their translations. Vary the coefficients and constants in the functions and investigate how the graphs change in response. 5 Minute Preview
Distance-Time Graphs
Create a graph of a runner's position versus time and watch the runner complete a 40-yard dash based on the graph you made. Notice the connection between the slope of the line and the speed of the runner. What will the runner do if the slope of the line is zero? What if the slope is negative? Add a second runner (a second graph) and connect real-world meaning to the intersection of two graphs. 5 Minute Preview
Distance-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs
Create a graph of a runner's position versus time and watch the runner run a 40-yard dash based on the graph you made. Notice the connection between the slope of the line and the velocity of the runner. Add a second runner (a second graph) and connect real-world meaning to the intersection of two graphs. Also experiment with a graph of velocity versus time for the runners, and also distance traveled versus time. 5 Minute Preview
Distance-Time Graphs - Metric
Create a graph of a runner's position versus time and watch the runner complete a 40-meter dash based on the graph you made. Notice the connection between the slope of the line and the speed of the runner. What will the runner do if the slope of the line is zero? What if the slope is negative? Add a second runner (a second graph) and connect real-world meaning to the intersection of two graphs. 5 Minute Preview
Distance-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs - Metric
Create a graph of a runner's position versus time and watch the runner run a 40-meter dash based on the graph you made. Notice the connection between the slope of the line and the velocity of the runner. Add a second runner (a second graph) and connect real-world meaning to the intersection of two graphs. Also experiment with a graph of velocity versus time for the runners, and also distance traveled versus time. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.G: Geometry
MT.8.G.1: Verify experimentally the properties of rotations, reflections, and translations and understand that these are rigid transformations, lines are taken to lines, line segments to line segments of the same length, angles are taken to angles of the same measure, and parallel lines are taken to parallel lines. This standard should incorporate cultural context relating to Montana Indigenous Peoples and local communities.
Reflections
Reshape and resize a figure and examine how its reflection changes in response. Move the line of reflection and explore how the reflection is translated. 5 Minute Preview
Translations
Translate a figure horizontally and vertically in the plane and examine the matrix representation of the translation. 5 Minute Preview
Rotations, Reflections, and Translations
Rotate, reflect, and translate a figure in the plane. Compare the translated figure to the original figure. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.G.2: Understand that a two-dimensional figure is congruent to another if the second can be obtained by a sequence of rigid transformations, and, given two congruent figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the congruence between them.
Reflections
Reshape and resize a figure and examine how its reflection changes in response. Move the line of reflection and explore how the reflection is translated. 5 Minute Preview
Translations
Translate a figure horizontally and vertically in the plane and examine the matrix representation of the translation. 5 Minute Preview
Rotations, Reflections, and Translations
Rotate, reflect, and translate a figure in the plane. Compare the translated figure to the original figure. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.G.3: Describe the effect of dilations, translations, rotations, and reflections on two-dimensional figures using coordinates. This standard should incorporate cultural context relating to Montana Indigenous Peoples and local communities.
Dilations
Dilate a figure and investigate its resized image. See how scaling a figure affects the coordinates of its vertices, both in
Translations
Translate a figure horizontally and vertically in the plane and examine the matrix representation of the translation. 5 Minute Preview
Rotations, Reflections, and Translations
Rotate, reflect, and translate a figure in the plane. Compare the translated figure to the original figure. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.G.4: Understand that a two-dimensional figure is similar to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, translations, and dilations, and, given two similar two-dimensional figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the similarity between them.
Dilations
Dilate a figure and investigate its resized image. See how scaling a figure affects the coordinates of its vertices, both in
Similar Figures
Vary the scale factor and rotation of an image and compare it to the preimage. Determine how the angle measures and side lengths of the two figures are related. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.G.5: Use informal arguments to establish facts about the angle sum and exterior angle of triangles, about the angles created when parallel lines are cut by a transversal, and the angle-angle criterion for similarity of triangles.
Constructing Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Construct parallel and perpendicular lines using a straightedge and compass. Use step-by-step explanations and feedback to develop understanding of the construction. 5 Minute Preview
Proving Triangles Congruent
Apply constraints to two triangles. Then drag the vertices of the triangles around and determine which constraints guarantee congruence. 5 Minute Preview
Triangle Angle Sum
Measure the interior angles of a triangle and find the sum. Examine whether that sum is the same for all triangles. Also, discover how the measure of an exterior angle relates to the interior angle measures. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.G.6: Explain a proof of the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse.
Pythagorean Theorem
Explore the Pythagorean Theorem using a dynamic right triangle. Examine a visual, geometric application of the Pythagorean Theorem, using the areas of squares on the sides of the triangle. 5 Minute Preview
Pythagorean Theorem with a Geoboard
Build right triangles in an interactive geoboard and build squares on the sides of the triangles to discover the Pythagorean Theorem. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.G.7: Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to determine unknown side lengths in right triangle problems, including problems in context in two and three dimensions. This standard should incorporate cultural context relating to Montana Indigenous Peoples and local communities.
Pythagorean Theorem
Explore the Pythagorean Theorem using a dynamic right triangle. Examine a visual, geometric application of the Pythagorean Theorem, using the areas of squares on the sides of the triangle. 5 Minute Preview
Pythagorean Theorem with a Geoboard
Build right triangles in an interactive geoboard and build squares on the sides of the triangles to discover the Pythagorean Theorem. 5 Minute Preview
Surface and Lateral Areas of Pyramids and Cones
Vary the dimensions of a pyramid or cone and investigate how the surface area changes. Use the dynamic net of the solid to compute the lateral area and the surface area of the solid. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.G.8: Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to find the distance between two points in a coordinate system.
Distance Formula
Explore the distance formula as an application of the Pythagorean theorem. Learn to see any two points as the endpoints of the hypotenuse of a right triangle. Drag those points and examine changes to the triangle and the distance calculation. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.G.9: Know, use, and apply the formulas for the volumes of cones, cylinders, and spheres to solve problems, including problems in context.
Pyramids and Cones
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a pyramid or cone and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of a skew pyramid or cone to the volume of a right pyramid or cone. 5 Minute Preview
Prisms and Cylinders
Vary the height and base-edge or radius length of a prism or cylinder and examine how its three-dimensional representation changes. Determine the area of the base and the volume of the solid. Compare the volume of an oblique prism or cylinder to the volume of a right prism or cylinder. 5 Minute Preview
Measuring Volume
Measure the volume of liquids and solids using beakers, graduated cylinders, overflow cups, and rulers. Water can be poured from one container to another and objects can be added to containers. A pipette can be used to transfer small amounts of water, and a magnifier can be used to observe the meniscus in a graduated cylinder. Test your volume-measurement skills in the "Practice" mode of the Gizmo. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.SP: Statistics and Probability
MT.8.SP.1: Construct and interpret scatter plots for bivariate measurement data to investigate patterns of association between two quantities and describe patterns such as clustering, outliers, positive or negative association, linear association, and nonlinear association.
Correlation
Explore the relationship between the correlation coefficient of a data set and its graph. Fit a line to the data and compare the least-squares fit line. 5 Minute Preview
Least-Squares Best Fit Lines
Fit a line to the data in a scatter plot using your own judgment. Then compare the least squares line of best fit. 5 Minute Preview
Trends in Scatter Plots
Examine the scatter plot for a random data set with negative or positive correlation. Vary the correlation and explore how correlation is reflected in the scatter plot and the trend line. 5 Minute Preview
Solving Using Trend Lines
Examine the scatter plots for data related to weather at different latitudes. The Gizmo includes three different data sets, one with negative correlation, one positive, and one with no correlation. Compare the least squares best-fit line. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.SP.2: Know that straight lines are widely used to model relationships between two quantitative variables and for scatter plots that suggest a linear association, informally fit a straight line and informally assess the model fit by judging the closeness of the data points to the line.
Correlation
Explore the relationship between the correlation coefficient of a data set and its graph. Fit a line to the data and compare the least-squares fit line. 5 Minute Preview
Least-Squares Best Fit Lines
Fit a line to the data in a scatter plot using your own judgment. Then compare the least squares line of best fit. 5 Minute Preview
Trends in Scatter Plots
Examine the scatter plot for a random data set with negative or positive correlation. Vary the correlation and explore how correlation is reflected in the scatter plot and the trend line. 5 Minute Preview
Solving Using Trend Lines
Examine the scatter plots for data related to weather at different latitudes. The Gizmo includes three different data sets, one with negative correlation, one positive, and one with no correlation. Compare the least squares best-fit line. 5 Minute Preview
MT.8.SP.3: Use the equation of a linear model to solve problems in the context of bivariate measurement data, and interpret the slope and intercept.
Correlation
Explore the relationship between the correlation coefficient of a data set and its graph. Fit a line to the data and compare the least-squares fit line. 5 Minute Preview
Trends in Scatter Plots
Examine the scatter plot for a random data set with negative or positive correlation. Vary the correlation and explore how correlation is reflected in the scatter plot and the trend line. 5 Minute Preview
Solving Using Trend Lines
Examine the scatter plots for data related to weather at different latitudes. The Gizmo includes three different data sets, one with negative correlation, one positive, and one with no correlation. Compare the least squares best-fit line. 5 Minute Preview
Correlation last revised: 7/28/2026
About STEM Cases
Students assume the role of a scientist trying to solve a real world problem. They use scientific practices to collect and analyze data, and form and test a hypothesis as they solve the problems.
Each STEM Case uses realtime reporting to show live student results.
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STEM Cases take between 30-90 minutes for students to complete, depending on the case.
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