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- Science: 4th Grade
Alabama - Science: 4th Grade
Course of Study | Adopted: 2023
1: : Energy
1.1: : Speed and Energy
1.1.1: : Students will… Use evidence to explain the relationship between the speed of an object and its energy.
![Screenshot of Sled Wars](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Sled Wars
Explore acceleration, speed, momentum, and energy by sending a sled down a hill into a group of snowmen. The starting height and mass of the sled can be changed, as well as the number of snowmen. In the Two sleds scenario, observe collisions between sleds of different masses and starting heights. 5 Minute Preview
1.2: : Transference of Energy
1.2.2: : Students will… Plan and carry out investigations to answer questions regarding changes in energy when objects collide, and predict reasonable outcomes based on observed patterns.
![Screenshot of Sled Wars](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Sled Wars
Explore acceleration, speed, momentum, and energy by sending a sled down a hill into a group of snowmen. The starting height and mass of the sled can be changed, as well as the number of snowmen. In the Two sleds scenario, observe collisions between sleds of different masses and starting heights. 5 Minute Preview
1.2.3: : Students will… Plan and carry out investigations to provide evidence that energy is transferred by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.
![Screenshot of Circuit Builder](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Circuit Builder
Create circuits using batteries, light bulbs, switches, fuses, and a variety of materials. Examine series and parallel circuits, conductors and insulators, and the effects of battery voltage. Thousands of different circuits can be built with this Gizmo. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Conduction and Convection](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Conduction and Convection
Two flasks hold colored water, one yellow and the other blue. Set the starting temperature of each flask, choose a type of material to connect the flasks, and see how quickly the flasks heat up or cool down. The flasks can be connected with a hollow pipe, allowing the water in the flasks to mix, or a solid chunk that transfers heat but prevents mixing. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Energy Conversions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Energy Conversions
Where does energy come from? How does energy get from one place to another? Find out how electrical current is generated and how living things get energy to move and grow. Trace the path of energy and see how energy is converted from one form to another. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Heat Absorption](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Heat Absorption
Shine a powerful flashlight on a variety of materials, and measure how quickly each material heats up. See how the light angle, light color, type of material, and material color affect heating. A glass cover can be added to simulate a greenhouse. 5 Minute Preview
1.2.3.b: : Construct an explanation with evidence supporting the claim that different objects can absorb, reflect, and/or conduct energy.
![Screenshot of Circuit Builder](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Circuit Builder
Create circuits using batteries, light bulbs, switches, fuses, and a variety of materials. Examine series and parallel circuits, conductors and insulators, and the effects of battery voltage. Thousands of different circuits can be built with this Gizmo. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Conduction and Convection](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Conduction and Convection
Two flasks hold colored water, one yellow and the other blue. Set the starting temperature of each flask, choose a type of material to connect the flasks, and see how quickly the flasks heat up or cool down. The flasks can be connected with a hollow pipe, allowing the water in the flasks to mix, or a solid chunk that transfers heat but prevents mixing. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Heat Absorption](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Heat Absorption
Shine a powerful flashlight on a variety of materials, and measure how quickly each material heats up. See how the light angle, light color, type of material, and material color affect heating. A glass cover can be added to simulate a greenhouse. 5 Minute Preview
1.2.4: : Students will… Design, construct, and test a device that changes energy from one form to another.
![Screenshot of Circuit Builder](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Circuit Builder
Create circuits using batteries, light bulbs, switches, fuses, and a variety of materials. Examine series and parallel circuits, conductors and insulators, and the effects of battery voltage. Thousands of different circuits can be built with this Gizmo. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Energy Conversions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Energy Conversions
Where does energy come from? How does energy get from one place to another? Find out how electrical current is generated and how living things get energy to move and grow. Trace the path of energy and see how energy is converted from one form to another. 5 Minute Preview
2: : Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer
2.1: : Wave Properties
2.1.5: : Students will… Develop and use models to describe amplitude and wavelength patterns and how waves can cause objects to move.
![Screenshot of Waves](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Waves
Observe and measure transverse, longitudinal, and combined waves on a model of a spring moved by a hand. Adjust the amplitude and frequency of the hand, and the tension and density of the spring. The speed and power of the waves is reported, and the wavelength and amplitude can be measured. 5 Minute Preview
2.2: : Information Transfer
2.2.6: : Students will… Construct an explanation of how light, sound, and digitized information are transferred by waves.
![Screenshot of Programmable Rover](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Programmable Rover
In this introduction to coding, program a rover to explore the surface of Mars. Start by using tiles to create simple programs involving moving forward or backward, turns, jumps, loops, and picking up rock samples. Then use text instructions to optimize your code. Use your skills to program the rover to complete six challenging missions on Mars. 5 Minute Preview
2.3: : Wave Properties
2.3.7: : Students will… Develop a model to demonstrate that light reflecting from objects and entering the eyes allow objects to be seen.
![Screenshot of Eyes and Vision 1 - Seeing Color](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Eyes and Vision 1 - Seeing Color
Observe how different colors of light are reflected or absorbed by colored objects. Determine that white light is a combination of different colors of light, and that one or more component colors may be reflected when white light is shone on an object. Understand that we see an object when light reflected from the object enters our eye. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Eyes and Vision 2 - Focusing Light](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Eyes and Vision 2 - Focusing Light
Once light enters the eye, it must be focused on the retina. Manipulate the pupil diameter to regulate the amount of light that enters then eye, then change the lens shape to focus light. Determine the changes in lens shape needed to maintain focus as the object distance changes. This is a followup to the Eyes and Vision 1 - Seeing Colors lesson. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Eyes and Vision 3 - Sensing Light](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Eyes and Vision 3 - Sensing Light
Observe how photoreceptors on the retina are stimulated by different colors of light. Determine that cone cells are stimulated by specific colors of light and enable us to see color, while rod cells are stimulated by various colors and do not contribute to color vision. Experiment by varying the percentage of rod and cone cells in normal and dim light to see how rod cells help with night vision. 5 Minute Preview
3: : From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes
3.1: : Internal and External Structures
3.1.8: : Students will… Make a claim, using evidence, that the functions of both internal and external structures of plants and animals (including humans) support growth, survival, and behavior.
![Screenshot of Circulatory System](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Circulatory System
Trace the path of blood through a beating heart and the network of blood vessels that supplies blood to the body. Take blood samples from different blood vessels to observe blood cells and measure the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, sugar, and urea. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Comparing Climates (Customary)](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Comparing Climates (Customary)
Compare average temperatures, precipitation, humidity, and wind speed for a variety of locations across the globe. Explore the influence of latitude, proximity to oceans, elevation, and other factors on climate. Observe how animals and plants are adapted to climate and their environment. This lesson uses U.S. customary units. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Comparing Climates (Metric)](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Comparing Climates (Metric)
Compare average temperatures, precipitation, humidity, and wind speed for a variety of locations across the globe. Explore the influence of latitude, proximity to oceans, elevation, and other factors on climate. Observe how animals and plants are adapted to climate and their environment. This lesson uses metric units. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Digestive System](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Digestive System
Digestion is a complex process, involving a wide variety of organs and chemicals that work together to break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate wastes. But have you ever wondered what would happen if some of those organs were eliminated, or if the sequence was changed? Can the digestive system be improved? Find out by designing your own digestive system with the Digestive System Gizmo. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Flower Pollination](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Flower Pollination
Observe the steps of pollination and fertilization in flowering plants. Help with many parts of the process by dragging pollen grains to the stigma, dragging sperm to the ovules, and removing petals as the fruit begins to grow. Quiz yourself when you are done by dragging vocabulary words to the correct plant structure. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Honeybee Hive](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Honeybee Hive
Explore life in the hive by meeting workers, drones, and the queen bee herself! Visit flower patches to determine the best sources of food, and then perform a waggle dance to let the other bees know where to go. Can you help the bees find enough food to save the hive? 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Senses](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Senses
Everything we know about the world comes through our senses: sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. In the Senses Gizmo, explore how stimuli are detected by specialized cells, transmitted through nerves, and processed in the brain. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Animal Group Behavior - Elementary School](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Animal Group Behavior - Elementary School
A farmer in Africa is having problems with elephants eating her corn and cotton crops. As a wildlife biologist, students learn about animal group behavior and relationships of elephants and humans with bees. Students collect data from the farm and elephants to hypothesize and test solutions that will protect the crops without hurting the elephants. Video Preview
3.2: : Information Processing
3.2.9: : Students will… Carry out investigations to support a claim that different animals receive information through their senses, process that information, and respond in various ways.
![Screenshot of Eyes and Vision 2 - Focusing Light](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Eyes and Vision 2 - Focusing Light
Once light enters the eye, it must be focused on the retina. Manipulate the pupil diameter to regulate the amount of light that enters then eye, then change the lens shape to focus light. Determine the changes in lens shape needed to maintain focus as the object distance changes. This is a followup to the Eyes and Vision 1 - Seeing Colors lesson. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Eyes and Vision 3 - Sensing Light](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Eyes and Vision 3 - Sensing Light
Observe how photoreceptors on the retina are stimulated by different colors of light. Determine that cone cells are stimulated by specific colors of light and enable us to see color, while rod cells are stimulated by various colors and do not contribute to color vision. Experiment by varying the percentage of rod and cone cells in normal and dim light to see how rod cells help with night vision. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Honeybee Hive](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Honeybee Hive
Explore life in the hive by meeting workers, drones, and the queen bee herself! Visit flower patches to determine the best sources of food, and then perform a waggle dance to let the other bees know where to go. Can you help the bees find enough food to save the hive? 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Senses](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Senses
Everything we know about the world comes through our senses: sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. In the Senses Gizmo, explore how stimuli are detected by specialized cells, transmitted through nerves, and processed in the brain. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Animal Group Behavior - Elementary School](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Animal Group Behavior - Elementary School
A farmer in Africa is having problems with elephants eating her corn and cotton crops. As a wildlife biologist, students learn about animal group behavior and relationships of elephants and humans with bees. Students collect data from the farm and elephants to hypothesize and test solutions that will protect the crops without hurting the elephants. Video Preview
4: : Earth’s Systems
4.1: : Water
4.1.10: : Students will… Develop and use a model to describe how water moves through Earth’s systems by the processes of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.
![Screenshot of Water Cycle](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Water Cycle
Control the path of a drop of water as it travels through the water cycle. Many alternatives are presented at each stage. Determine how the water moves from one location to another, and learn how water resources are distributed in these locations. 5 Minute Preview
4.2: : Changes Over Time
4.2.11: : Students will… Construct explanations of Earth's changes over time through slow and rapid processes, citing evidence found in rock formations and fossils in rock layers.
![Screenshot of Erosion Rates](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Erosion Rates
Explore erosion in a simulated 3D environment. Observe how the landscape evolves over time as it is shaped by the forces of flowing water. Vary the initial landscape, rock type, precipitation amount, average temperature, and vegetation and measure how each variable affects the rate of erosion and resulting landscape features. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of River Erosion](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
River Erosion
Explore how river erosion affects landscapes in the short term and over long periods of time. Describe the features of mountain streams and meandering rivers, and use a floating barrel to estimate current speed. Witness the changes that occur as mountain streams erode downward and meandering rivers erode from side to side. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Weathering](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Weathering
Weathering is the breakdown of rock at Earth's surface through physical or chemical means. Students will learn about the different types of mechanical and chemical weathering, then use a simulation to model the effects of weathering on different types of rocks in varying climate conditions. 5 Minute Preview
4.2.12: : Students will… Plan and carry out investigations to provide evidence of the effects of weathering or the rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, and vegetation, investigating a single form of weathering or erosion at a time.
![Screenshot of Erosion Rates](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Erosion Rates
Explore erosion in a simulated 3D environment. Observe how the landscape evolves over time as it is shaped by the forces of flowing water. Vary the initial landscape, rock type, precipitation amount, average temperature, and vegetation and measure how each variable affects the rate of erosion and resulting landscape features. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of River Erosion](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
River Erosion
Explore how river erosion affects landscapes in the short term and over long periods of time. Describe the features of mountain streams and meandering rivers, and use a floating barrel to estimate current speed. Witness the changes that occur as mountain streams erode downward and meandering rivers erode from side to side. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Weathering](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Weathering
Weathering is the breakdown of rock at Earth's surface through physical or chemical means. Students will learn about the different types of mechanical and chemical weathering, then use a simulation to model the effects of weathering on different types of rocks in varying climate conditions. 5 Minute Preview
4.3: : Physical Features
4.3.13: : Students will… Analyze and interpret data from maps to describe patterns of Earth’s features on land and in the ocean.
![Screenshot of Building Pangaea](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Building Pangaea
In 1915, Alfred Wegener proposed that all of Earth's continents were once joined in an ancient supercontinent he called Pangaea. Wegener's idea of moving continents led to the modern theory of plate tectonics. Create your own version of Pangaea by fitting Earth's landmasses together like puzzle pieces. Use evidence from fossils, rocks, and glaciers to refine your map. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Building Topographic Maps](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Building Topographic Maps
Build a topographic map by flooding a three dimensional landscape with water and drawing contour lines. Draw a profile of a landscape based on the topographic map. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Reading Topographic Maps](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Reading Topographic Maps
Understand how topographic maps work by creating a three-dimensional landscape and observing the corresponding contour lines. See how mountains, depressions, valleys and cliffs are represented on topographic maps. Fill in the landscape with water to demonstrate that contours are lines of constant elevation. 5 Minute Preview
5: : Earth and Human Activity
5.1: : Natural Resources
5.1.14: : Students will… Gather information to describe how the use of energy derived from renewable and nonrenewable resources affects the environment.
![Screenshot of Carbon Cycle](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Carbon Cycle
Follow the path of a carbon atom through the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. Manipulate a simplified model to see how human activities and other factors affect the amount of atmospheric carbon today and in the future. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Energy Conversions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Energy Conversions
Where does energy come from? How does energy get from one place to another? Find out how electrical current is generated and how living things get energy to move and grow. Trace the path of energy and see how energy is converted from one form to another. 5 Minute Preview
5.2: : Natural Hazard Solutions
5.2.15: : Students will… Design, test, and evaluate a solution that will protect humans from the effects of natural Earth processes.
![Screenshot of Earthquake-Proof Homes](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Earthquake-Proof Homes
Design a house to withstand an earthquake and protect the people living inside. Select a location in San Francisco, then choose the design and materials for a foundation, frame, walls, and roof. Decide which extras to add to your home design. Test each house in an earthquake and assess the damages. Try to arrive at a house design that results in the least damage. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Flood and Storm-Proof Homes](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Flood and Storm-Proof Homes
Build a home to survive a flood or a hurricane and protect the people inside. Choose materials and a design for the foundation, frame, walls, and roof of the house. Add "extras" such as sand bags, storm shutters, and roof clips. Test your house in a flood or storm and see how well your design worked. 5 Minute Preview
Correlation last revised: 4/19/2024
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Students assume the role of a scientist trying to solve a real world problem. They use scientific practices to collect and analyze data, and form and test a hypothesis as they solve the problems.
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