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- Mathematics: Grade 8
Maryland - Mathematics: Grade 8
College and Career-Ready Standards | Adopted: 2025
NOS: Number and Operation Sense
8.NOS.A: Reason with irrational numbers.
8.NOS.A.1: Identify a number as irrational when its decimal expansion neither terminates nor repeats, and explain that irrational numbers cannot be expressed as the ratio of two integers.
Circumference and Area of Circles
Resize a circle and compare its radius, circumference, and area. 5 Minute Preview
8.NOS.A.2: Use rational approximations of irrational numbers to estimate their locations on a number line, compare their size, and apply this understanding to estimate the value of expressions (e.g., 𝜋²) in context.
Circumference and Area of Circles
Resize a circle and compare its radius, circumference, and area. 5 Minute Preview
8.NOS.B: Reason with exponents to express and interpret quantities.
8.NOS.B.3: Know and apply the properties of integer exponents to generate equivalent numerical expressions.
Exponents and Power Rules
Choose the correct steps to simplify expressions with exponents using the rules of exponents and powers. Use feedback to diagnose incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview
Dividing Exponential Expressions
Choose the correct steps to divide exponential expressions. Use the feedback to diagnose incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview
Multiplying Exponential Expressions
Choose the correct steps to multiply exponential expressions. Use the feedback to diagnose incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview
8.NOS.B.4: Use square and cube roots to represent solutions to equations and describe numbers.
8.NOS.B.5: Apply scientific notation to represent and compare very large and very small quantities in context, and use technology to compute with numbers in scientific notation.
AT: Algebraic Thinking
8.AT.A: Use proportional relationships to represent and reason about linear equations.
8.AT.A.1: Analyze and compare proportional relationships using slope.
8.AT.A.2: Use proportional reasoning to identify slope and represent linear relationships.
8.AT.B: Make sense of and solve equations, inequalities, and systems of equations.
8.AT.B.3: Solve linear equations in one variable.
8.AT.B.4: Solve linear inequalities in one variable.
8.AT.B.5: Analyze and solve systems of two linear equations in two variables.
8.AT.C: Reason about functions.
8.AT.C.6: Determine whether a relationship is a function by analyzing whether each input is assigned to exactly one output.
8.AT.C.8: Identify whether a function is linear or non-linear given equations, graphs, or input-output pairs, and provide a justification using reasoning about the constant rate of change and its relationship to proportional reasoning.
Linear Functions
Determine if a relation is a function from the mapping diagram, ordered pairs, or graph. Use the graph to determine if it is linear. 5 Minute Preview
8.AT.D: Model with functions.
8.AT.D.9: Interpret the graph of a linear function in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏.
8.AT.D.10: Construct and interpret a linear function to model a relationship between two quantities.
8.AT.D.11: Describe qualitatively the functional relationship between two quantities by analyzing a graph (e.g., where the function is increasing or decreasing, linear or nonlinear). Sketch a graph that exhibits the qualitative features of a function based on a narrative description.
Absolute Value with Linear Functions
Compare the graph of a linear function, the graph of an absolute-value function, and the graphs of their translations. Vary the coefficients and constants in the functions and investigate how the graphs change in response. 5 Minute Preview
Distance-Time Graphs
Create a graph of a runner's position versus time and watch the runner complete a 40-yard dash based on the graph you made. Notice the connection between the slope of the line and the speed of the runner. What will the runner do if the slope of the line is zero? What if the slope is negative? Add a second runner (a second graph) and connect real-world meaning to the intersection of two graphs. 5 Minute Preview
Distance-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs
Create a graph of a runner's position versus time and watch the runner run a 40-yard dash based on the graph you made. Notice the connection between the slope of the line and the velocity of the runner. Add a second runner (a second graph) and connect real-world meaning to the intersection of two graphs. Also experiment with a graph of velocity versus time for the runners, and also distance traveled versus time. 5 Minute Preview
Distance-Time Graphs - Metric
Create a graph of a runner's position versus time and watch the runner complete a 40-meter dash based on the graph you made. Notice the connection between the slope of the line and the speed of the runner. What will the runner do if the slope of the line is zero? What if the slope is negative? Add a second runner (a second graph) and connect real-world meaning to the intersection of two graphs. 5 Minute Preview
Distance-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs - Metric
Create a graph of a runner's position versus time and watch the runner run a 40-meter dash based on the graph you made. Notice the connection between the slope of the line and the velocity of the runner. Add a second runner (a second graph) and connect real-world meaning to the intersection of two graphs. Also experiment with a graph of velocity versus time for the runners, and also distance traveled versus time. 5 Minute Preview
GR: Geometric Reasoning and Measurement
8.GR.A: Make conjectures about and verify geometric relationships.
8.GR.A.1: Use the relationships between supplementary, complementary, vertical, and adjacent angles to write and solve equations for an unknown angle.
Investigating Angle Theorems
Explore the properties of complementary, supplementary, vertical, and adjacent angles using a dynamic figure. 5 Minute Preview
8.GR.A.2: Draw or build triangles using tools (ruler, protractor, technology, or physical manipulatives) given three measures of angles or sides. Determine whether the given conditions result in a unique triangle, more than one triangle, or no triangle.
Triangle Inequalities
Discover the inequalities related to the side lengths and angle measures of a triangle. Reshape and resize the triangle to confirm that these properties are true for all triangles. 5 Minute Preview
8.GR.A.3: Use informal arguments to verify that the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180 degrees and why an exterior angle equals the sum of the two remote interior angles.
Triangle Angle Sum
Measure the interior angles of a triangle and find the sum. Examine whether that sum is the same for all triangles. Also, discover how the measure of an exterior angle relates to the interior angle measures. 5 Minute Preview
8.GR.B: Apply the pythagorean theorem to reason about right triangles.
8.GR.B.4: Understand and reason about the Pythagorean Theorem and its extensions.
8.GR.B.5: Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to solve problems in context.
DS: Reasoning with Data, Statistics, and Probability
8.DS.A: Make sense of statistical inquiry.
8.DS.A.1: Evaluate predictions and conclusions drawn from bivariate data.
8.DS.B: Describe, analyze, and compare data using visual and numerical representations to model situations And draw inferences.
8.DS.B.2: Construct and interpret scatter plots for bivariate measurement data to investigate patterns of association between two quantities. Describe patterns such as clustering, outliers, positive or negative association, linear association, and nonlinear association.
Solving Using Trend Lines
Examine the scatter plots for data related to weather at different latitudes. The Gizmo includes three different data sets, one with negative correlation, one positive, and one with no correlation. Compare the least squares best-fit line. 5 Minute Preview
8.DS.B.3: Compare the fit of different linear models shown on scatter plots of the same data by describing the overall pattern and the closeness of data points to each line.
Trends in Scatter Plots
Examine the scatter plot for a random data set with negative or positive correlation. Vary the correlation and explore how correlation is reflected in the scatter plot and the trend line. 5 Minute Preview
8.DS.B.4: Use a provided linear model to make predictions based on bivariate measurement data. Interpret the meaning of the slope and y-intercept in context.
Trends in Scatter Plots
Examine the scatter plot for a random data set with negative or positive correlation. Vary the correlation and explore how correlation is reflected in the scatter plot and the trend line. 5 Minute Preview
Solving Using Trend Lines
Examine the scatter plots for data related to weather at different latitudes. The Gizmo includes three different data sets, one with negative correlation, one positive, and one with no correlation. Compare the least squares best-fit line. 5 Minute Preview
8.DS.C: Model and analyze probability to interpret chance events and make predictions.
8.DS.C.6: Find probabilities of compound events by representing or simulating the sample space or simulating events.
Correlation last revised: 7/9/2026
About STEM Cases
Students assume the role of a scientist trying to solve a real world problem. They use scientific practices to collect and analyze data, and form and test a hypothesis as they solve the problems.
Each STEM Case uses realtime reporting to show live student results.
Introduction to the Heatmap
STEM Cases take between 30-90 minutes for students to complete, depending on the case.
Student progress is automatically saved so that STEM Cases can be completed over multiple sessions.
Multiple grade-appropriate versions, or levels, exist for each STEM Case.
Each STEM Case level has an associated Handbook. These are interactive guides that focus on the science concepts underlying the case.
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Start teaching with 20-40 Free Gizmos. See the full list.
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