Gizmos for Arizona - Mathematics: Algebra II (Academic Standards adopted 2016)

This correlation lists the recommended Gizmos for this state's curriculum standards. Click any Gizmo title below for more information.

A2.N: : Number and Quantity

A2.N-RN: : The Real Number System

A2.N-RN.A: : Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.

A2.N-RN.A.1: : Explain how the definition of rational exponents follows from extending the properties of integer exponents to those values, allowing for a notation for radicals in terms of rational exponents.

A2.N-CN: : The Complex Number System

A2.N-CN.A: : Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.

A2.N-CN.A.1: : Apply the relation i² = -1 and the commutative, associative, and distributive properties to add, subtract, and multiply complex numbers. Write complex numbers in the form (a + bi) with a and b real.

A2.N-CN.C: : Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.

A2.N-CN.C.7: : Solve quadratic equations with real coefficients that have complex solutions.

A2.A: : Algebra

A2.A-SSE: : Seeing Structure in Expressions

A2.A-SSE.A: : Interpret the structure of expressions.

A2.A-SSE.A.2: : Use structure to identify ways to rewrite polynomial and rational expressions. Focus on polynomial operations and factoring patterns.

A2-A-SSE.B: : Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.

A2.A-SSE.B.3: : Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression. Include problem-solving opportunities utilizing real-world context and focus on expressions with rational exponents.

A2.A-SSE.B.3c: : Use the properties of exponents to transform expressions for exponential functions.

A2.A-APR: : Arithmetic with Polynomials and Rational Expressions

A2.A-APR.B: : Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials.

A2.A-APR.B.2: : Know and apply the Remainder and Factor Theorem: For a polynomial p(x) and a number a, the remainder on division by (x - a) is p(a), so p(a) = 0 if and only if (x - a) is a factor of p(x).

A2.A-APR.B.3: : Identify zeros of polynomials when suitable factorizations are available, and use the zeros to construct a rough graph of the function defined by the polynomial. Focus on quadratic, cubic, and quartic polynomials including polynomials for which factors are not provided.

A2.A-APR.C: : Use polynomial identities to solve problems.

A2.A-APR.C.4: : Prove polynomial identities and use them to describe numerical relationships.

A2.A-CED: : Creating Equations

A2.A-CED.A: : Create equations that describe numbers or relationships.

A2.A-CED.A.1: : Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include problem-solving opportunities utilizing real-world context. Focus on equations and inequalities arising from linear, quadratic, rational, and exponential functions.

A2.A-REI: : Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities

A2.A-REI.A: : Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning.

A2.A-REI.A.1: : Explain each step in solving an equation as following from the equality of numbers asserted at the previous step, starting from the assumption that the original equation has a solution. Construct a viable argument to justify a solution method. Extend from quadratic equations to rational and radical equations.

A2.A-REI.A.2: : Solve rational and radical equations in one variable, and give examples showing how extraneous solutions may arise.

A2-A-REI.B: : Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.

A2.A-REI.B.4: : Fluently solve quadratic equations in one variable. Solve quadratic equations by inspection (e.g., for x² = 49), taking square roots, completing the square, the quadratic formula and factoring, as appropriate to the initial form of the equation. Recognize when the quadratic formula gives complex solutions and write them as a ± bi for real numbers a and b.

A2-A-REI.D: : Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.

A2.A-REI.D.11: : Explain why the x-coordinates of the points where the graphs of the equations y = f(x) and y = g(x) intersect are the solutions of the equation f(x) = g(x); find the solutions approximately (e.g., using technology to graph the functions, make tables of values, or find successive approximations). Include problems in real-world context. Extend from linear, quadratic, and exponential functions to cases where f(x) and/or g(x) are polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions.

A2.F: : Functions

A2.F-IF: : Interpreting Functions

A2.F-IF.B: : Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context.

A2.F-IF.B.4: : For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship. Include problem-solving opportunities utilizing a real-world context. Key features include: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasing, decreasing, positive, or negative; relative maximums and minimums; symmetries; end behavior; and periodicity. Functions include linear, quadratic, exponential, polynomial, logarithmic, rational, sine, cosine, tangent, square root, cube root and piecewise-defined functions.

A2.F-IF.B.6: : Calculate and interpret the average rate of change of a continuous function (presented symbolically or as a table) on a closed interval. Estimate the rate of change from a graph. Include problem-solving opportunities utilizing real-world context. Functions include linear, quadratic, exponential, polynomial, logarithmic, rational, sine, cosine, tangent, square root, cube root and piecewise-defined functions.

A2.F-IF.C: : Analyze functions using different representations.

A2.F-IF.C.7: : Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases. Functions include linear, quadratic, exponential, polynomial, logarithmic, rational, sine, cosine, tangent, square root, cube root and piecewise-defined functions.

A2.F-IF.C.8: : Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain different properties of the function.

A2.F-IF.C.8b: : Use the properties of exponents to interpret expressions for exponential functions and classify those functions as exponential growth or decay.

A2.F-IF.C.9: : Compare properties of two functions each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions.). Functions include linear, quadratic, exponential, polynomial, logarithmic, rational, sine, cosine, tangent, square root, cube root and piecewise-defined functions.

A2.F-BF: : Building Functions

A2.F-BF.A: : Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.

A2.F-BF.A.1: : Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities. Functions include linear, quadratic, exponential, polynomial, logarithmic, rational, sine, cosine, tangent, square root, cube root and piecewise-defined functions. Include problem-solving opportunities utilizing real-world context.

A2.F-BF.A.1a: : Determine an explicit expression, a recursive process, or steps for calculation from a context.

A2.F-BF.A.1b: : Combine function types using arithmetic operations and function composition.

A2.F-BF.A.2: : Write arithmetic and geometric sequences both recursively and with an explicit formula, use them to model situations, and translate between the two forms.

A2.F-BF.B: : Build new functions from existing functions.

A2.F-BF.B.3: : Identify the effect on the graph of replacing f(x) by f(x) + k, k f(x), and f(x + k) for specific values of k (both positive and negative); find the value of k given the graphs. Experiment with cases and illustrate an explanation of the effects on the graph using technology. Include recognizing even and odd functions from their graphs and algebraic expressions for them. Functions include linear, quadratic, exponential, polynomial, logarithmic, rational, sine, cosine, tangent, square root, cube root and piecewise-defined functions.

A2.F-BF.B.4: : Find inverse functions.

A2.F-BF.B.4a: : Understand that an inverse function can be obtained by expressing the dependent variable of one function as the independent variable of another, recognizing that functions f and g are inverse functions if and only if f(x) = y and g(y) = x for all values of x in the domain of f and all values of y in the domain of g.

A2.F-BF.B.4b: : Understand that if a function contains a point (a, b), then the graph of the inverse relation of the function contains the point (b, a).

A2.F-LE: : Linear, Quadratic, and Exponential Models

A2.F-LE.A: : Construct and compare linear, quadratic, and exponential models and solve problems.

A2.F-LE.A.4: : For exponential models, express as a logarithm the solution to ab to the ct power = d where a, c, and d are numbers and the base b is 2, 10, or e; evaluate the logarithms that are not readily found by hand or observation using technology.

A2.F-LE.B: : Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model.

A2.F-LE.B.5: : Interpret the parameters in an exponential function with rational exponents utilizing real-world context.

A2.F-TF: : Trigonometric Functions

A2.F-TF.A: : Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.

A2.F-TF.A.1: : Understand radian measure of an angle as the length of the arc on any circle subtended by the angle, measured in units of the circle's radius.

A2.F-TF.A.2: : Explain how the unit circle in the coordinate plane enables the extension of sine and cosine functions to all real numbers, interpreted as radian measures of angles traversed counterclockwise around the unit circle.

A2.F-TF.B: : Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions.

A2.F-TF.B.5: : Create and interpret sine, cosine and tangent functions that model periodic phenomena with specified amplitude, frequency, and midline.

A2.F-TF.C: : Apply trigonometric identities.

A2.F-TF.C.8: : Use the Pythagorean identity sin²(theta) + cos²(theta) = 1 and the quadrant of the angle theta to find sin(theta), cos(theta), or tan(theta) given sin(theta) or cos(theta).

A2.S: : Statistics and Probability

A2.S-ID: : Interpreting Categorical and Quantitative Data

A2.S-ID.A: : Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable.

A2.S-ID.A.4: : Use the mean and standard deviation of a data set to fit it to a normal curve, and use properties of the normal distribution and to estimate population percentages. Recognize that there are data sets for which such a procedure is not appropriate. Use calculators, spreadsheets, or tables to estimate areas under the normal curve.

A2.S-ID.B: : Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables.

A2.S-ID.B.6: : Represent data of two quantitative variables on a scatter plot, and describe how the quantities are related. Extend to polynomial and exponential models.

A2.S-ID.B.6a: : Fit a function to the data; use functions fitted to data to solve problems in the context of the data. Use given functions or choose a function suggested by the context.

A2.S-IC: : Making Inferences and Justifying Conclusions

A2.S-IC.A: : Understand and evaluate random processes underlying statistical experiments.

A2.S-IC.A.1: : Understand statistics as a process for making inferences about population parameters based on a random sample from that population.

A2.S-IC.A.2: : Explain whether a specified model is consistent with results from a given data-generating process.

A2.S-IC.B: : Make inferences and justify conclusions from experiments, and observational studies.

A2.S-IC.B.3: : Recognize the purposes of and differences between designed experiments, sample surveys and observational studies.

A2.S-IC.B.4: : Use data from a sample survey to estimate a population mean or proportion; recognize that estimates are unlikely to be correct and the estimates will be more precise with larger sample sizes.

A2.S-CP: : Conditional Probability and the Rules of Probability

A2.S-CP.A: : Understand independence and conditional probability and use them to interpret data.

A2.S-CP.A.3: : Understand the conditional probability of A given B as P(A and B)/P(B), and interpret independence of A and B as saying that the conditional probability of A given B is the same as the probability of A, and the conditional probability of B given A is the same as the probability of B.

A2.S-CP.A.4: : Construct and interpret two-way frequency tables of data when two categories are associated with each object being classified. Use the two-way table as a sample space to decide if events are independent and to approximate conditional probabilities.

A2.S-CP.A.5: : Recognize and explain the concepts of conditional probability and independence utilizing real-world context.

A2.S-CP.B: : Use the rules of probability to compute probabilities of compound events in a uniform probability model.

A2.S-CP.B.6: : Use Bayes Rule to find the conditional probability of A given B as the fraction of B’s outcomes that also belong to A, and interpret the answer in terms of the model.

A2.S-CP.B.8: : Apply the general Multiplication Rule in a uniform probability model, P(A and B) = P(A)P(B|A) = P(B)P(A|B), and interpret the answer in terms of the model.

A2.MP: : Standards for Mathematical Practice

A2.MP.1: : Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them.

5.1.1: : Mathematically proficient students explain to themselves the meaning of a problem, look for entry points to begin work on the problem, and plan and choose a solution pathway. While engaging in productive struggle to solve a problem, they continually ask themselves, “Does this make sense?' to monitor and evaluate their progress and change course if necessary. Once they have a solution, they look back at the problem to determine if the solution is reasonable and accurate. Mathematically proficient students check their solutions to problems using different methods, approaches, or representations. They also compare and understand different representations of problems and different solution pathways, both their own and those of others.

A2.MP.2: : Reason abstractly and quantitatively.

A2.MP.3: : Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others.

5.3.1: : Mathematically proficient students construct mathematical arguments (explain the reasoning underlying a strategy, solution, or conjecture) using concrete, pictorial, or symbolic referents. Arguments may also rely on definitions, assumptions, previously established results, properties, or structures. Mathematically proficient students make conjectures and build a logical progression of statements to explore the truth of their conjectures. They are able to analyze situations by breaking them into cases, and can recognize and use counterexamples. Mathematically proficient students present their arguments in the form of representations, actions on those representations, and explanations in words (oral or written). Students critique others by affirming or questioning the reasoning of others. They can listen to or read the reasoning of others, decide whether it makes sense, ask questions to clarify or improve the reasoning, and validate or build on it. Mathematically proficient students can communicate their arguments, compare them to others, and reconsider their own arguments in response to the critiques of others.

A2.MP.4: : Model with mathematics.

A2.MP.5: : Use appropriate tools strategically.

5.5.1: : Mathematically proficient students consider available tools when solving a mathematical problem. They choose tools that are relevant and useful to the problem at hand. Proficient students are sufficiently familiar with tools appropriate for their grade or course to make sound decisions about when each of these tools might be helpful; recognizing both the insight to be gained and their limitations. Students deepen their understanding of mathematical concepts when using tools to visualize, explore, compare, communicate, make and test predictions, and understand the thinking of others.

A2.MP.6: : Attend to precision.

5.6.1: : Mathematically proficient students clearly communicate to others using appropriate mathematical terminology, and craft explanations that convey their reasoning. When making mathematical arguments about a solution, strategy, or conjecture, they describe mathematical relationships and connect their words clearly to their representations. Mathematically proficient students understand meanings of symbols used in mathematics, calculate accurately and efficiently, label quantities appropriately, and record their work clearly and concisely.

A2.MP.7: : Look for and make use of structure.

5.7.1: : Mathematically proficient students use structure and patterns to assist in making connections among mathematical ideas or concepts when making sense of mathematics. Students recognize and apply general mathematical rules to complex situations. They are able to compose and decompose mathematical ideas and notations into familiar relationships. Mathematically proficient students manage their own progress, stepping back for an overview and shifting perspective when needed.

A2.MP.8: : Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.

5.8.1: : Mathematically proficient students look for and describe regularities as they solve multiple related problems. They formulate conjectures about what they notice and communicate observations with precision. While solving problems, students maintain oversight of the process and continually evaluate the reasonableness of their results. This informs and strengthens their understanding of the structure of mathematics which leads to fluency.

Correlation last revised: 9/16/2020

Arizona - Mathematics: Algebra II

Academic Standards | Adopted: 2016

A2.N: : Number and Quantity

A2.A: : Algebra

A2.F: : Functions

A2.S: : Statistics and Probability

A2.MP: : Standards for Mathematical Practice