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- Mathematics: Principles of Mathematics: Grade 12
Yukon Territory - Mathematics: Principles of Mathematics: Grade 12
Learning Outcomes | Adopted: 2006
A: : Students use patterns to describe the world and to solve problems; represent algebraic expressions in multiple ways; and, use algebraic and graphical models to generalize patterns, make predictions, and solve problems.
A.1: : derive and apply expressions to represent general terms for geometric growth and to solve problems
![Screenshot of Geometric Sequences](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Geometric Sequences
Explore geometric sequences by varying the initial term and the common ratio and examining the graph. Compute specific terms in the sequence using the explicit and recursive formulas. 5 Minute Preview
A.4: : solve exponential equations having bases that are powers of one another
![Screenshot of Exponential Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Exponential Functions
Explore the graph of an exponential function. Vary the coefficient and base of the function and investigate the changes to the graph of the function. 5 Minute Preview
A.5: : solve and verify exponential and logarithmic equations
![Screenshot of Exponential Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Exponential Functions
Explore the graph of an exponential function. Vary the coefficient and base of the function and investigate the changes to the graph of the function. 5 Minute Preview
A.8: : determine the exact and the approximate values of trigonometric ratios for any multiples of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°, and 0 rad, pi / 6 rad, pi / 4 rad, pi / 3 rad, and pi / 2 rad
![Screenshot of Cosine Function](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Cosine Function
Compare the graph of the cosine function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the cosine curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Sine Function](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Sine Function
Compare the graph of the sine function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the sine curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Tangent Function](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Tangent Function
Compare the graph of the tangent function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the tangent curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
A.11: : analyse trigonometric identities
A.11.1: : graphically
![Screenshot of Cosine Function](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Cosine Function
Compare the graph of the cosine function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the cosine curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Sine Function](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Sine Function
Compare the graph of the sine function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the sine curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Tangent Function](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Tangent Function
Compare the graph of the tangent function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the tangent curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
A.12: : use sum, difference, and double angle identities for sine and cosine to verify and simplify trigonometric expressions
![Screenshot of Sum and Difference Identities for Sine and Cosine](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Sum and Difference Identities for Sine and Cosine
Choose the correct steps to evaluate a trigonometric expression using sum and difference identities. Use step-by-step feedback to diagnose incorrect steps. 5 Minute Preview
A.14: : model, graph, and apply exponential functions to solve problems
![Screenshot of Compound Interest](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Compound Interest
Explore compound interest in-depth, from compounded annually to compounded continuously. In addition, compare the END POINTS graph, with dots that fit an exponential curve, to the ALL TIME graph, which has a more step-like appearance. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Exponential Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Exponential Functions
Explore the graph of an exponential function. Vary the coefficient and base of the function and investigate the changes to the graph of the function. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Introduction to Exponential Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Introduction to Exponential Functions
Explore the graph of the exponential function. Vary the initial amount and base of the function. Investigate the changes to the graph. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Logarithmic Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Logarithmic Functions
Compare the equation of a logarithmic function to its graph. Change the base of the logarithmic function and examine how the graph changes in response. Use the line y = x to compare the associated exponential function. 5 Minute Preview
A.15: : model, graph, and apply logarithmic functions to solve problems
![Screenshot of Logarithmic Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Logarithmic Functions
Compare the equation of a logarithmic function to its graph. Change the base of the logarithmic function and examine how the graph changes in response. Use the line y = x to compare the associated exponential function. 5 Minute Preview
A.16: : describe the three primary trigonometric functions as circular functions with reference to the unit circle and an angle in standard position
![Screenshot of Cosine Function](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Cosine Function
Compare the graph of the cosine function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the cosine curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Sine Function](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Sine Function
Compare the graph of the sine function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the sine curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Tangent Function](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Tangent Function
Compare the graph of the tangent function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the tangent curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
A.17: : sketch and analyse the graphs of sine, cosine, and tangent functions, for
A.17.1: : amplitude, if defined
![Screenshot of Cosine Function](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Cosine Function
Compare the graph of the cosine function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the cosine curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Sine Function](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Sine Function
Compare the graph of the sine function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the sine curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Tangent Function](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Tangent Function
Compare the graph of the tangent function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the tangent curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions
Experiment with the graph of a sine or cosine function. Explore how changing the values in the equation can translate or scale the graph of the function. 5 Minute Preview
A.17.2: : period
![Screenshot of Cosine Function](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Cosine Function
Compare the graph of the cosine function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the cosine curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Sine Function](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Sine Function
Compare the graph of the sine function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the sine curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Tangent Function](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Tangent Function
Compare the graph of the tangent function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the tangent curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions
Experiment with the graph of a sine or cosine function. Explore how changing the values in the equation can translate or scale the graph of the function. 5 Minute Preview
A.17.4: : asymptotes, if any
![Screenshot of Tangent Function](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Tangent Function
Compare the graph of the tangent function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the tangent curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
A.17.5: : behaviour under transformations
![Screenshot of Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions
Experiment with the graph of a sine or cosine function. Explore how changing the values in the equation can translate or scale the graph of the function. 5 Minute Preview
A.18: : use trigonometric functions to model and solve problems
![Screenshot of Cosine Function](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Cosine Function
Compare the graph of the cosine function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the cosine curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Sine Function](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Sine Function
Compare the graph of the sine function with the graph of the angle on the unit circle. Drag a point along the sine curve and see the corresponding angle on the unit circle. 5 Minute Preview
B: : Students perform, analyse, and create transformations of functions and relations that are described by equations or graphs.
B.1: : describe how vertical and horizontal translations of functions affect graphs and their related equations:
B.1.1: : y = f(x − h)
![Screenshot of Absolute Value with Linear Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Absolute Value with Linear Functions
Compare the graph of a linear function, the graph of an absolute-value function, and the graphs of their translations. Vary the coefficients and constants in the functions and investigate how the graphs change in response. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Introduction to Exponential Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Introduction to Exponential Functions
Explore the graph of the exponential function. Vary the initial amount and base of the function. Investigate the changes to the graph. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Rational Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Rational Functions
Compare the graph of a rational function to its equation. Vary the terms of the equation and explore how the graph is translated and stretched as a result. Examine the domain on a number line and compare it to the graph of the equation. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions
Experiment with the graph of a sine or cosine function. Explore how changing the values in the equation can translate or scale the graph of the function. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Translations](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Translations
Translate a figure horizontally and vertically in the plane and examine the matrix representation of the translation. 5 Minute Preview
B.1.2: : y − k = f(x)
![Screenshot of Absolute Value with Linear Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Absolute Value with Linear Functions
Compare the graph of a linear function, the graph of an absolute-value function, and the graphs of their translations. Vary the coefficients and constants in the functions and investigate how the graphs change in response. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Introduction to Exponential Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Introduction to Exponential Functions
Explore the graph of the exponential function. Vary the initial amount and base of the function. Investigate the changes to the graph. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Quadratics in Vertex Form](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Quadratics in Vertex Form
Compare the graph of a quadratic to its equation in vertex form. Vary the terms of the equation and explore how the graph changes in response. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Rational Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Rational Functions
Compare the graph of a rational function to its equation. Vary the terms of the equation and explore how the graph is translated and stretched as a result. Examine the domain on a number line and compare it to the graph of the equation. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions
Experiment with the graph of a sine or cosine function. Explore how changing the values in the equation can translate or scale the graph of the function. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Translations](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Translations
Translate a figure horizontally and vertically in the plane and examine the matrix representation of the translation. 5 Minute Preview
B.2: : describe how compressions and expansions of functions affect graphs and their related equations:
B.2.1: : y = af(x)
![Screenshot of Introduction to Exponential Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Introduction to Exponential Functions
Explore the graph of the exponential function. Vary the initial amount and base of the function. Investigate the changes to the graph. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Translating and Scaling Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Translating and Scaling Functions
Vary the coefficients in the equation of a function and examine how the graph of the function is translated or scaled. Select different functions to translate and scale, and determine what they have in common. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions
Experiment with the graph of a sine or cosine function. Explore how changing the values in the equation can translate or scale the graph of the function. 5 Minute Preview
B.2.2: : y = f(kx)
![Screenshot of Introduction to Exponential Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Introduction to Exponential Functions
Explore the graph of the exponential function. Vary the initial amount and base of the function. Investigate the changes to the graph. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Translating and Scaling Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Translating and Scaling Functions
Vary the coefficients in the equation of a function and examine how the graph of the function is translated or scaled. Select different functions to translate and scale, and determine what they have in common. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions
Experiment with the graph of a sine or cosine function. Explore how changing the values in the equation can translate or scale the graph of the function. 5 Minute Preview
B.3: : describe how reflections of functions in both axes and in the line y = x affect graphs and their related equations:
B.3.1: : y = f(−x)
![Screenshot of Absolute Value with Linear Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Absolute Value with Linear Functions
Compare the graph of a linear function, the graph of an absolute-value function, and the graphs of their translations. Vary the coefficients and constants in the functions and investigate how the graphs change in response. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Introduction to Exponential Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Introduction to Exponential Functions
Explore the graph of the exponential function. Vary the initial amount and base of the function. Investigate the changes to the graph. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Quadratics in Vertex Form](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Quadratics in Vertex Form
Compare the graph of a quadratic to its equation in vertex form. Vary the terms of the equation and explore how the graph changes in response. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Translating and Scaling Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Translating and Scaling Functions
Vary the coefficients in the equation of a function and examine how the graph of the function is translated or scaled. Select different functions to translate and scale, and determine what they have in common. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions
Experiment with the graph of a sine or cosine function. Explore how changing the values in the equation can translate or scale the graph of the function. 5 Minute Preview
B.3.2: : y = −f(x)
![Screenshot of Absolute Value with Linear Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Absolute Value with Linear Functions
Compare the graph of a linear function, the graph of an absolute-value function, and the graphs of their translations. Vary the coefficients and constants in the functions and investigate how the graphs change in response. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Introduction to Exponential Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Introduction to Exponential Functions
Explore the graph of the exponential function. Vary the initial amount and base of the function. Investigate the changes to the graph. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Quadratics in Vertex Form](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Quadratics in Vertex Form
Compare the graph of a quadratic to its equation in vertex form. Vary the terms of the equation and explore how the graph changes in response. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Translating and Scaling Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Translating and Scaling Functions
Vary the coefficients in the equation of a function and examine how the graph of the function is translated or scaled. Select different functions to translate and scale, and determine what they have in common. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions
Experiment with the graph of a sine or cosine function. Explore how changing the values in the equation can translate or scale the graph of the function. 5 Minute Preview
B.3.3: : y = f to the −1 power (x)
![Screenshot of Absolute Value with Linear Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Absolute Value with Linear Functions
Compare the graph of a linear function, the graph of an absolute-value function, and the graphs of their translations. Vary the coefficients and constants in the functions and investigate how the graphs change in response. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Introduction to Exponential Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Introduction to Exponential Functions
Explore the graph of the exponential function. Vary the initial amount and base of the function. Investigate the changes to the graph. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Quadratics in Vertex Form](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Quadratics in Vertex Form
Compare the graph of a quadratic to its equation in vertex form. Vary the terms of the equation and explore how the graph changes in response. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Translating and Scaling Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Translating and Scaling Functions
Vary the coefficients in the equation of a function and examine how the graph of the function is translated or scaled. Select different functions to translate and scale, and determine what they have in common. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Translating and Scaling Sine and Cosine Functions
Experiment with the graph of a sine or cosine function. Explore how changing the values in the equation can translate or scale the graph of the function. 5 Minute Preview
B.4: : using the graph and/or the equation of f(x), describe and sketch 1 / f(x)
![Screenshot of Introduction to Exponential Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Introduction to Exponential Functions
Explore the graph of the exponential function. Vary the initial amount and base of the function. Investigate the changes to the graph. 5 Minute Preview
B.5: : using the graph and/or the equation of f(x), describe and sketch |f(x)|
![Screenshot of Absolute Value with Linear Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Absolute Value with Linear Functions
Compare the graph of a linear function, the graph of an absolute-value function, and the graphs of their translations. Vary the coefficients and constants in the functions and investigate how the graphs change in response. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Translating and Scaling Functions](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Translating and Scaling Functions
Vary the coefficients in the equation of a function and examine how the graph of the function is translated or scaled. Select different functions to translate and scale, and determine what they have in common. 5 Minute Preview
C: : Students solve problems based on the counting of sets, using techniques such as the fundamental counting principle, permutations, combinations, and combining of simpler probabilities.
C.2: : use factorial notation to determine different ways of arranging n distinct objects in a sequence
![Screenshot of Permutations and Combinations](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Permutations and Combinations
Experiment with permutations and combinations of a number of letters represented by letter tiles selected at random from a box. Count the permutations and combinations using a dynamic tree diagram, a dynamic list of permutations, and a dynamic computation by the counting principle. 5 Minute Preview
C.3: : determine the number of permutations of n different objects taken r at a time, and use this to solve problems
![Screenshot of Permutations and Combinations](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Permutations and Combinations
Experiment with permutations and combinations of a number of letters represented by letter tiles selected at random from a box. Count the permutations and combinations using a dynamic tree diagram, a dynamic list of permutations, and a dynamic computation by the counting principle. 5 Minute Preview
C.4: : determine the number of combinations of n different objects taken r at a time, and use this to solve problems
![Screenshot of Binomial Probabilities](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Binomial Probabilities
Find the probability of a number of successes or failures in a binomial experiment using a tree diagram, a bar graph, and direct calculation. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Permutations and Combinations](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Permutations and Combinations
Experiment with permutations and combinations of a number of letters represented by letter tiles selected at random from a box. Count the permutations and combinations using a dynamic tree diagram, a dynamic list of permutations, and a dynamic computation by the counting principle. 5 Minute Preview
C.7: : classify events as independent or dependent
![Screenshot of Independent and Dependent Events](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Independent and Dependent Events
Compare the theoretical and experimental probabilities of drawing colored marbles from a bag. Record results of successive draws to find the experimental probability. Perform the drawings with replacement of the marbles to study independent events, or without replacement to explore dependent events. 5 Minute Preview
C.9: : determine the conditional probability of two events
![Screenshot of Independent and Dependent Events](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Independent and Dependent Events
Compare the theoretical and experimental probabilities of drawing colored marbles from a bag. Record results of successive draws to find the experimental probability. Perform the drawings with replacement of the marbles to study independent events, or without replacement to explore dependent events. 5 Minute Preview
C.10: : solve probability problems involving permutations, combinations, and conditional probability
![Screenshot of Binomial Probabilities](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Binomial Probabilities
Find the probability of a number of successes or failures in a binomial experiment using a tree diagram, a bar graph, and direct calculation. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Independent and Dependent Events](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Independent and Dependent Events
Compare the theoretical and experimental probabilities of drawing colored marbles from a bag. Record results of successive draws to find the experimental probability. Perform the drawings with replacement of the marbles to study independent events, or without replacement to explore dependent events. 5 Minute Preview
![Screenshot of Permutations and Combinations](/Assets/img/blank.gif)
Permutations and Combinations
Experiment with permutations and combinations of a number of letters represented by letter tiles selected at random from a box. Count the permutations and combinations using a dynamic tree diagram, a dynamic list of permutations, and a dynamic computation by the counting principle. 5 Minute Preview
Correlation last revised: 9/16/2020
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