B: Diversity of Living Things

B.1: analyse the effects of various human activities on the diversity of living things;

B.1.1: analyse some of the risks and benefits of human intervention (e.g., tree plantations; monoculture of livestock or agricultural crops; overharvesting of wild plants for medicinal purposes; using pesticides to control pests; suppression of wild fires) to the biodiversity of aquatic or terrestrial ecosystems

Food Chain
Forest Ecosystem
Prairie Ecosystem
Rabbit Population by Season
Water Pollution

B.1.2: analyse the impact that climate change might have on the diversity of living things (e.g., rising temperatures can result in habitat loss or expansion; changing rainfall levels can cause drought or flooding of habitats)

Effect of Environment on New Life Form

B.2: investigate, through laboratory and/or field activities or through simulations, the principles of scientific classification, using appropriate sampling and classification techniques;

B.2.1: use appropriate terminology related to biodiversity, including, but not limited to: genetic diversity, species diversity, structural diversity, protists, bacteria, fungi, binomial nomenclature, and morphology

Microevolution
Rainfall and Bird Beaks

B.2.3: use proper sampling techniques to collect various organisms from a marsh, pond, field, or other ecosystem, and classify the organisms according to the principles of taxonomy

Human Evolution - Skull Analysis

B.3: demonstrate an understanding of the diversity of living organisms in terms of the principles of taxonomy and phylogeny.

B.3.2: compare and contrast the structure and function of different types of prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses (e.g., compare and contrast genetic material, metabolism, organelles, and other cell parts)

Cell Energy Cycle
Cell Structure
Paramecium Homeostasis
Photosynthesis Lab
Virus Life Cycle (Lytic)

B.3.4: explain key structural and functional changes in organisms as they have evolved over time (e.g., the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes, of plants from unicellular organisms)

Human Evolution - Skull Analysis

B.3.5: explain why biodiversity is important to maintaining viable ecosystems (e.g., biodiversity helps increase resilience to stress and resistance to diseases or invading species)

Forest Ecosystem
Microevolution
Prairie Ecosystem
Rainfall and Bird Beaks

C: Evolution

C.1: analyse the economic and environmental advantages and disadvantages of an artificial selection technology, and evaluate the impact of environmental changes on natural selection and endangered species;

C.1.2: evaluate the possible impact of an environmental change on natural selection and on the vulnerability of species (e.g., adaptation to environmental changes can affect reproductive success of an organism)

Evolution: Mutation and Selection
Natural Selection

C.2: investigate evolutionary processes, and analyse scientific evidence that supports the theory of evolution;

C.2.1: use appropriate terminology related to evolution, including, but not limited to: extinction, natural selection, phylogeny, speciation, niche, mutation, mimicry, adaptation, and survival of the fittest

Evolution: Mutation and Selection
Evolution: Natural and Artificial Selection
Human Evolution - Skull Analysis
Microevolution
Natural Selection
Rainfall and Bird Beaks

C.2.2: use a research process to investigate some of the key factors that affect the evolutionary process (e.g., genetic mutations, selective pressures, environmental stresses)

Evolution: Mutation and Selection
Human Evolution - Skull Analysis
Microevolution
Natural Selection
Rainfall and Bird Beaks

C.2.3: analyse, on the basis of research, and report on the contributions of various scientists to modern theories of evolution (e.g., Charles Lyell, Thomas Malthus, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Charles Darwin, Stephen Jay Gould, Niles Eldredge)

Human Evolution - Skull Analysis

C.2.4: investigate, through a case study or computer simulation, the processes of natural selection and artificial selection (e.g., selective breeding, antibiotic resistance in microorganisms), and analyse the different mechanisms by which they occur

Evolution: Mutation and Selection
Evolution: Natural and Artificial Selection
Microevolution
Natural Selection
Rainfall and Bird Beaks

C.3: demonstrate an understanding of the theory of evolution, the evidence that supports it, and some of the mechanisms by which it occurs.

C.3.1: explain the fundamental theory of evolution, using the evolutionary mechanism of natural selection to illustrate the process of biological change over time

Evolution: Mutation and Selection
Human Evolution - Skull Analysis
Natural Selection

C.3.2: explain the process of adaptation of individual organisms to their environment (e.g., some disease-causing bacteria in a bacterial population can survive exposure to antibiotics due to slight genetic variations from the rest of the population, which allows successful surviving bacteria to pass on antibiotic resistance to the next generation)

Evolution: Mutation and Selection
Evolution: Natural and Artificial Selection
Natural Selection

C.3.3: define the concept of speciation, and explain the process by which new species are formed

Evolution: Mutation and Selection
Evolution: Natural and Artificial Selection
Rainfall and Bird Beaks

C.3.4: describe some evolutionary mechanisms (e.g., natural selection, artificial selection, sexual selection, genetic variation, genetic drift, biotechnology), and explain how they affect the evolutionary development and extinction of various species (e.g., Darwin?s finches, giraffes, pandas)

Human Evolution - Skull Analysis
Natural Selection
Rainfall and Bird Beaks

D: Genetic Processes

D.1: evaluate the importance of some recent contributions to our knowledge of genetic processes, and analyse social and ethical implications of genetic and genomic research;

D.1.1: analyse, on the basis of research, some of the social and ethical implications of research in genetics and genomics (e.g., genetic screening, gene therapy, in vitro fertilization)

Chicken Genetics
DNA Fingerprint Analysis
Human Karyotyping
Mouse Genetics (One Trait)
Mouse Genetics (Two Traits)

D.1.2: evaluate, on the basis of research, the importance of some recent contributions to knowledge, techniques, and technologies related to genetic processes (e.g., research into the cystic fibrosis gene; the use of safflowers to produce insulin for human use)

Chicken Genetics
Mouse Genetics (One Trait)
Mouse Genetics (Two Traits)

D.2: investigate genetic processes, including those that occur during meiosis, and analyse data to solve basic genetics problems involving monohybrid and dihybrid crosses;

D.2.1: use appropriate terminology related to genetic processes, including, but not limited to: haploid, diploid, spindle, synapsis, gamete, zygote, heterozygous, homozygous, allele, plasmid, trisomy, non-disjunction, and somatic cell

Chicken Genetics
Human Karyotyping
Mouse Genetics (One Trait)
Mouse Genetics (Two Traits)

D.2.3: use the Punnett square method to solve basic genetics problems involving monohybrid crosses, incomplete dominance, codominance, dihybrid crosses, and sex-linked genes

Chicken Genetics
Mouse Genetics (One Trait)
Mouse Genetics (Two Traits)

D.2.4: investigate, through laboratory inquiry or computer simulation, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, and use the Punnett square method and probability rules to analyse the qualitative and quantitative data and determine the parent genotype

Chicken Genetics
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Microevolution
Mouse Genetics (One Trait)
Mouse Genetics (Two Traits)

D.3: demonstrate an understanding of concepts, processes, and technologies related to the transmission of hereditary characteristics.

D.3.2: explain the concepts of DNA, genes, chromosomes, alleles, mitosis, and meiosis, and how they account for the transmission of hereditary characteristics according to Mendelian laws of inheritance

Building DNA
Cell Division
Chicken Genetics
DNA Fingerprint Analysis
Evolution: Mutation and Selection
Human Karyotyping
Microevolution
Natural Selection
RNA and Protein Synthesis

D.3.3: explain the concepts of genotype, phenotype, dominance, incomplete dominance, codominance, recessiveness, and sex linkage according to Mendelian laws of inheritance

Chicken Genetics
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Microevolution
Mouse Genetics (One Trait)
Mouse Genetics (Two Traits)

D.3.4: describe some genetic disorders caused by chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., non-disjunction of chromosomes during meiosis) or other genetic mutations in terms of chromosomes affected, physical effects, and treatments

Evolution: Mutation and Selection
Human Karyotyping

D.3.5: describe some reproductive technologies (e.g., cloning, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, recombinant DNA), and explain how their use can increase the genetic diversity of a species (e.g., farm animals, crops)

Microevolution

E: Animals: Structure and Function

E.1: analyse the relationships between changing societal needs, technological advances, and our understanding of internal systems of humans;

E.1.1: evaluate the importance of various technologies, including Canadian contributions, to our understanding of internal body systems (e.g., endoscopes can be used to locate, diagnose, and surgically remove digestive system tumours; lasers can be used during surgery to destroy lung tumours; nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] imaging can be used to diagnose injuries and cardiovascular disorders, such as aneurysms)

Circulatory System

E.2: investigate, through laboratory inquiry or computer simulation, the functional responses of the respiratory and circulatory systems of animals, and the relationships between their respiratory, circulatory, and digestive systems;

E.2.1: use appropriate terminology related to animal anatomy, including, but not limited to: systolic, diastolic, diffusion gradient, inhalation, exhalation, coronary, cardiac, ulcer, asthma, and constipation

Circulatory System

E.2.2: perform a laboratory or computer-simulated dissection of a representative animal, or use a mounted anatomical model, to analyse the relationships between the respiratory, circulatory, and digestive systems

Circulatory System

E.2.3: use medical equipment (e.g., a stethoscope, a sphygmomanometer) to monitor the functional responses of the respiratory and circulatory systems to external stimuli (e.g., measure the change in breathing rate and heart rate after exercise)

Circulatory System
Human Homeostasis

E.3: demonstrate an understanding of animal anatomy and physiology, and describe disorders of the respiratory, circulatory, and digestive systems.

E.3.1: explain the anatomy of the respiratory system and the process of ventilation and gas exchange from the environment to the cell (e.g., the movement of oxygen from the atmosphere to the cell; the roles of ventilation, hemoglobin, and diffusion in gas exchange)

Cell Structure
Circulatory System

E.3.3: explain the anatomy of the circulatory system (e.g., blood components, blood vessels, the heart) and its function in transporting substances that are vital to health

Circulatory System
Osmosis

E.3.4: describe some disorders related to the respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems (e.g., asthma, emphysema, ulcers, colitis, cardiac arrest, arteriosclerosis)

Circulatory System

F: Plants: Anatomy, Growth, and Function

F.2: investigate the structures and functions of plant tissues, and factors affecting plant growth;

F.2.1: use appropriate terminology related to plants, including, but not limited to: mesophyll, palisade, aerenchyma, epidermal tissue, stomata, root hair, pistil, stamen, venation, auxin, and gibberellin

Pollination: Flower to Fruit

F.2.2: design and conduct an inquiry to determine the factors that affect plant growth (e.g., the effects on plant growth of the quantity of nutrients, the quantity and quality of light, and factors such as temperature and water retention or percolation rate)

Cell Energy Cycle
Growing Plants
Measuring Trees
Photosynthesis Lab

F.2.3: identify, and draw biological diagrams of, the specialized plant tissues in roots, stems, and leaves (e.g., xylem, phloem), using a microscope and models

Pollination: Flower to Fruit

F.2.4: investigate various techniques of plant propagation (e.g., leaf cutting, stem cutting, root cutting, seed germination)

Pollination: Flower to Fruit
Seed Germination

F.3: demonstrate an understanding of the diversity of vascular plants, including their structures, internal transport systems, and their role in maintaining biodiversity.

F.3.2: compare and contrast monocot and dicot plants in terms of their structures (e.g., seeds, stem, flower, root) and their evolutionary processes (i.e., how one type evolved from the other)

Human Evolution - Skull Analysis

F.3.3: explain the reproductive mechanisms of plants in natural reproduction and artificial propagation (e.g., germination of seeds, leaf cuttings, grafting of branches onto a host tree)

Pollination: Flower to Fruit
Seed Germination

F.3.4: describe the various factors that affect plant growth (e.g., growth regulators, sunlight, water, nutrients, acidity, tropism)

Cell Energy Cycle
Growing Plants
Measuring Trees
Photosynthesis Lab

F.3.5: explain the process of ecological succession, including the role of plants in maintaining biodiversity and the survival of organisms after a disturbance to an ecosystem

Prairie Ecosystem