B: Biology: Tissues, Organs, and Systems

B.2: investigate cell division, cell specialization, and the organization of systems in animals, including humans, using various laboratory techniques;

B.2.1: use appropriate terminology related to human cells, tissues, organs, and systems, including, but not limited to: absorption, anaphase, capillaries, concentration, differentiation, diffusion, interphase, metaphase, osmosis, prophase, red blood cells, regeneration, and telophase

Cell Division
Circulatory System
Diffusion
Drug Dosage
Osmosis

B.2.2: examine cells under a microscope or similar instrument to identify the various stages of mitosis in animals

Cell Division

B.2.4: compare, on the basis of observation (e.g., using pictures, videos, or images), the division of cancerous cells and non-cancerous cells, and describe the impact of cancerous cells on the human body

Cell Division

B.2.6: use scientific investigation skills to research health problems related to tissues, organs, or systems in humans (e.g., asthma, sickle-cell anemia, heart disease, Crohn?s disease), and communicate their findings

Circulatory System

B.3: demonstrate an understanding of the hierarchical organization of cells, from tissues, to organs, to systems in animals, including humans.

B.3.1: describe the cell cycle in animals, and explain its importance for the growth of cells and repair of tissues

Cell Division
Cell Structure

B.3.2: describe the structure, function, and importance of specialized cells and tissues in multi-cellular organisms (e.g., neurons have many branching dendrites and long axons to receive and transmit messages; muscle cells have a higher concentration of mitochondria, which produce energy)

Cell Energy Cycle
Cell Structure
Photosynthesis Lab

B.3.3: explain cell organization by describing the link between cells, tissues, organs, and systems in the human body

Circulatory System

B.3.4: explain the general function of some of the systems in the human body (e.g., the function of the circulatory system is to transport materials through the body; the function of the digestive system is to absorb nutrients; the function of the respiratory system is to bring oxygen into and remove carbon dioxide from the body)

Circulatory System

B.3.5: describe the interaction of systems in the human body (e.g., the respiratory system brings oxygen into the body, and the circulatory system transports the oxygen to cells), and explain why these interactions are necessary for survival

Circulatory System

C: Chemistry: Chemical Reactions and Their Practical Applications

C.2: investigate, through inquiry, the characteristics of simple chemical reactions;

C.2.1: use appropriate terminology related to chemical reactions, including, but not limited to: antacid, dilute, neutralization, product, reactant, and word equation

Balancing Chemical Equations
Chemical Equation Balancing

C.2.2: construct molecular models of simple chemical reactions (e.g., C + O2 --> CO2; 2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O), and produce diagrams of these models

Balancing Chemical Equations
Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds

C.2.3: conduct and observe inquiries related to simple chemical reactions, including synthesis, decomposition, and displacement reactions, and represent them using a variety of formats (e.g., word equations, balanced chemical equations, molecular models)

Balancing Chemical Equations
Chemical Equation Balancing
Dehydration Synthesis

C.2.4: use an inquiry process to investigate the law of conservation of mass in a chemical reaction (e.g., compare the values before and after the reaction), and account for any discrepancies

Balancing Chemical Equations
Chemical Equation Balancing
Limiting Reactants

C.2.6: conduct an inquiry to classify some common substances as acidic, basic, or neutral (e.g., use acid?base indicators or pH strips to classify common household substances)

pH Analysis
pH Analysis: Quad Color Indicator

C.2.7: investigate applications of acid?base reactions in common products and processes (e.g., compare the effectiveness of different brands of antacid tablets, using quantitative analysis)

pH Analysis
pH Analysis: Quad Color Indicator

C.3: demonstrate an understanding of simple chemical reactions and the language and ways to represent them.

C.3.1: describe the relationships between chemical formulae, composition, and names of simple compounds (e.g., carbon dioxide, CO2, has one more oxygen atom than carbon monoxide, CO)

Covalent Bonds
Dehydration Synthesis
Ionic Bonds
Stoichiometry

C.3.2: name and write the formulae for simple ionic and molecular compounds (e.g., NaCl, NaOH, H2O, CO2)

Balancing Chemical Equations
Chemical Equation Balancing
Dehydration Synthesis
Ionic Bonds

C.3.3: write word equations and balanced chemical equations for simple chemical reactions (e.g., 2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O)

Balancing Chemical Equations
Chemical Equation Balancing

C.3.5: describe how the pH scale is used to identify the concentration of acids and bases

pH Analysis
pH Analysis: Quad Color Indicator

D: Earth and Space Science: Earth?s Dynamic Climate

D.1: analyse effects of human activity on climate change, and effects of climate change on living things and natural systems;

D.1.2: analyse ways in which human actions (e.g., burning fossil fuels, implementing tree-planting programs) have increased or decreased the production of greenhouse gases

Water Pollution

D.2: investigate various natural and human factors that have an impact on climate change and global warming;

D.2.1: use appropriate terminology related to Earth?s dynamic climate, including, but not limited to: anthropogenic, atmosphere, carbon footprint, carbon sink, climate, greenhouse gases, hydrosphere, and weather

Greenhouse Effect

D.2.2: investigate the principles of the natural greenhouse effect, using simulations, diagrams, and/or models, and compare these principles to those of an actual greenhouse

Greenhouse Effect

D.2.4: conduct an inquiry to determine how different factors (e.g., an increase in surface temperature, an increase in water temperature) affect global warming and climate change

Coastal Winds and Clouds
Greenhouse Effect

D.2.5: investigate their personal carbon footprint, using a computer simulation or numerical data (e.g., determine carbon emissions that result from their travelling to school, work, and recreation venues; from vacation travelling; from buying products imported from distant countries), and plan a course of action to reduce their footprint (e.g., a plan to increase their use of bicycles or public transit; to eat more local foods)

Water Pollution

D.2.6: compare different tools or systems used by scientists to make informed decisions on global climate change (e.g., Ecoregions of Canada, bioclimate profiles)

Coastal Winds and Clouds
Greenhouse Effect

D.3: demonstrate an understanding of various natural and human factors that contribute to climate change and global warming.

D.3.1: describe the principal components of Earth?s climate system (e.g., the sun, oceans, and the atmosphere; the topography and configuration of land masses)

Coastal Winds and Clouds
Seasons Around the World
Seasons in 3D
Seasons: Earth, Moon, and Sun
Seasons: Why do we have them?

D.3.2: describe the natural greenhouse effect, its importance for life, and the difference between it and the anthropogenic greenhouse effect

Greenhouse Effect

D.3.3: describe how heat is transferred and stored in both hydrospheric and atmospheric heat sinks

Coastal Winds and Clouds

D.3.5: describe methods by which greenhouse gases are produced by humans (e.g., burning of biomass, chemical reactions involving pollutants)

Water Pollution

D.3.6: identify the natural and human causes of climate change in the world and, in particular, how Canada contributes to climate change

Greenhouse Effect
Rabbit Population by Season
Water Pollution

E: Physics: Light and Applications of Optics

E.1: analyse how properties of light and colour are applied in technology and the impact of these technologies on society;

E.1.1: analyse how additive and/or subtractive colour theory are applied in technologies used in everyday life (e.g., stop lights, high-definition television, colour monitors, coloured spotlights)

Additive Color v2
Basic Prism
Color Absorption
Radiation
Subtractive Color v2

E.2: investigate, through inquiry, properties of light, and predict its behaviour in mirrors and as it passes through different media;

E.2.1: use appropriate terminology related to light and optics, including, but not limited to: angle of incidence, angle of reflection, angle of refraction, centre of curvature, focal length, luminescence, magnification, principal axis, radius of curvature, and vertex

Basic Prism
Penumbra Effect
Ray Tracing (Lenses)
Ray Tracing (Mirrors)
Refraction

E.2.2: use an inquiry process to investigate the laws of reflection; use these laws to explain the characteristics of images formed by plane, converging (concave), and diverging (convex) mirrors; and draw ray diagrams to illustrate their observations

Heat Absorption
Laser Reflection
Ray Tracing (Lenses)
Ray Tracing (Mirrors)

E.2.3: use an inquiry process to investigate the refraction of light as it passes through a variety of media (e.g., the angles of incidence and refraction as light passes through a clear acrylic block)

Basic Prism
Ray Tracing (Lenses)
Refraction

E.2.4: predict the qualitative characteristics of images (e.g., location, orientation, size, type) formed by converging lenses, test their predictions through inquiry, and draw ray diagrams to record their observations

Ray Tracing (Lenses)
Ray Tracing (Mirrors)

E.2.5: investigate how various objects or media (e.g., opaque, translucent, and transparent materials; black-and-white surfaces) reflect, transmit, or absorb light, and record their observations using ray diagrams

Bohr Model of Hydrogen
Bohr Model: Introduction
Color Absorption
Heat Absorption
Herschel Experiment
Laser Reflection
Photoelectric Effect
Ray Tracing (Lenses)
Ray Tracing (Mirrors)

E.2.6: predict the effect of shining a coloured light on objects of different colours, and test their predictions through inquiry

Additive Color v2
Basic Prism
Color Absorption
Herschel Experiment
Radiation
Subtractive Color v2

E.2.7: construct an optical device (e.g., a funhouse mirror, a device that produces an optical illusion, a solar oven) that uses a variety of mirrors

Laser Reflection
Ray Tracing (Mirrors)

E.3: demonstrate an understanding of characteristics and properties of light, particularly with respect to reflection and refraction and the addition and subtraction of colour.

E.3.2: identify and label the visible and invisible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and identify the colours that make up visible white light

Basic Prism
Color Absorption
Herschel Experiment
Radiation

E.3.3: explain the laws of reflection of light, and identify ways in which light reflects from various types of mirrors (e.g., plane, converging, diverging)

Heat Absorption
Laser Reflection
Ray Tracing (Mirrors)

E.3.4: describe qualitatively how visible light is refracted at the interface between two different media

Basic Prism
Radiation
Ray Tracing (Lenses)
Refraction

E.3.5: use additive colour theory to predict the results of combining primary and secondary light colours

Additive Color v2
Basic Prism
Color Absorption
Radiation

E.3.6: use subtractive colour theory to describe the effect of colour filters on white light

Basic Prism
Color Absorption
Herschel Experiment
Radiation
Subtractive Color v2

E.3.7: explain how the colour of an object is determined by reflection, absorption, and transmission of colour

Additive Color v2
Bohr Model of Hydrogen
Bohr Model: Introduction
Color Absorption
Heat Absorption
Herschel Experiment
Laser Reflection
Subtractive Color v2

E.3.8: explain how the properties of light or colour are applied in the operation of an optical device (e.g., a reflecting telescope, stop lights, stage lights)

Basic Prism
Color Absorption
Heat Absorption
Herschel Experiment
Radiation