A: Scientific Investigation Skills and Career Exploration

A1: demonstrate scientific investigation skills (related to both inquiry and research) in the four areas of skills (initiating and planning, performing and recording, analysing and interpreting, and communicating);

A1.1: formulate relevant scientific questions about observed relationships, ideas, problems, or issues, make informed predictions, and/or formulate educated hypotheses to focus inquiries or research

Diffusion
Sight vs. Sound Reactions

A1.5: conduct inquiries, controlling relevant variables, adapting or extending procedures as required, and using appropriate materials and equipment safely, accurately, and effectively, to collect observations and data

Diffusion
Triple Beam Balance

A1.6: compile accurate data from laboratory and other sources, and organize and record the data, using appropriate formats, including tables, flow charts, graphs, and/or diagrams

Boyle's Law and Charles's Law

A1.8: synthesize, analyse, interpret, and evaluate qualitative and/or quantitative data; solve problems involving quantitative data; determine whether the evidence supports or refutes the initial prediction or hypothesis and whether it is consistent with scientific theory; identify sources of bias and/or error; and suggest improvements to the inquiry to reduce the likelihood of error

Boyle's Law and Charles's Law

A1.10: draw conclusions based on inquiry results and research findings, and justify their conclusions with reference to scientific knowledge

Diffusion

A1.13: express the results of any calculations involving data accurately and precisely, to the appropriate number of decimal places or significant figures

Unit Conversions 2 - Scientific Notation and Significant Digits

B: Matter and Qualitative Analysis

B2: investigate matter, using various methods of qualitative analysis;

B2.5: identify an unknown gas sample (e.g., hydrogen, helium, neon) by observing its emission spectrum and comparing it to the spectra of known gases

Star Spectra

B3: demonstrate an understanding of the basic principles of qualitative analysis of matter.

B3.1: explain the relationship between the atomic number and the mass number of an element, and the difference between isotopes and radioisotopes of an element

Isotopes

B3.2: describe various types of chemical reactions, including synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, and double displacement reactions

Balancing Chemical Equations
Chemical Equations
Dehydration Synthesis
Equilibrium and Concentration

B3.3: explain basic procedures used in qualitative analysis of elements and compounds, including flame tests, precipitation reactions, and the observation of emission spectra

Bohr Model of Hydrogen
Star Spectra

B3.4: relate observations from investigations using flame tests and emission spectra to the concept of quanta of energy proposed by Neils Bohr

Bohr Model of Hydrogen

C: Organic Chemistry

C2: investigate the physical and chemical properties of organic compounds, and analyse some common organic chemical reactions;

C2.1: use appropriate terminology related to organic chemistry, including, but not limited to: electronegativity, covalent bond, and functional group

Covalent Bonds

C2.2: draw Lewis structures to represent the covalent bonds in some simple organic molecules (e.g., CH4)

Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds

C2.7: conduct an inquiry to synthesize a common organic compound (e.g., produce an ester, make soap)

Dehydration Synthesis

C2.8: predict the nature of a bond (e.g., non-polar covalent or polar covalent), using the electronegativity values of atoms (e.g., H2, Cl2, O2, H2O, CH4, CH3OH)

Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds

E: Chemical Calculations

E2: investigate chemical compounds and chemical reactions using appropriate techniques of quantitative analysis, and solve related problems;

E2.1: use appropriate terminology related to stoichiometry, including, but not limited to: molar mass, molar concentration, percentage yield, and Avogadro’s number

Chemical Equations
Limiting Reactants
Moles
Stoichiometry

E2.2: calculate the molar mass of simple compounds with the aid of the periodic table

Chemical Equations

E2.3: convert the quantity of chemicals in simple chemical reactions from number of particles to number of moles and mass, using the mole concept

Chemical Equations
Limiting Reactants
Moles
Stoichiometry

E2.4: solve problems involving relationships between the following variables in a chemical reaction: quantity in moles, number of particles, atomic mass, concentration of solution, and volume of solution

Chemical Equations
Equilibrium and Concentration
Moles
Stoichiometry

E2.5: solve problems involving stoichiometric relationships in balanced chemical equations

Chemical Equations
Limiting Reactants
Stoichiometry

E2.6: conduct an inquiry to determine the actual yield, theoretical yield, and percentage yield of the products of a chemical reaction (e.g., a chemical reaction between steel wool and copper(II) sulfate solution), assess the effectiveness of the procedure, and suggest sources of experimental error

Limiting Reactants

E2.7: use qualitative observations of a chemical reaction to identify the chemical changes, presence of limiting reagents, and the products occurring in a chemical reaction (e.g., aluminum reacting with copper(II) chloride solution, steel wool reacting with oxygen)

Chemical Changes
Chemical Equations
Equilibrium and Concentration
Limiting Reactants

E3: demonstrate an understanding of the mole concept and its quantitative relationships in chemical reactions.

E3.1: describe the relationships between Avogadro’s number, the mole concept, and the molar mass of any given substance

Chemical Equations
Moles
Stoichiometry

E3.3: explain the relationships between the mole concept, the values of coefficients, the number of particles, and the mass of substances in balanced chemical equations

Chemical Equations

E3.5: explain the concept of a limiting reagent in a chemical reaction, using examples of chemical processes from everyday life (e.g., synthesis of aspirin, synthesis of ammonia)

Limiting Reactants

F: Chemistry in the Environment

F2: investigate chemical reactions, using appropriate techniques of quantitative analysis;

F2.3: conduct an acid–base titration to determine the concentration of an acid or a base (e.g., the concentration of acetic acid in vinegar)

Titration