5.1: Sound and light are forms of energy.

5.1.b: Light is a form of energy that travels in a straight line and can be reflected by a mirror, refracted by a lens, or absorbed by objects.

5.1.b.2: Light interacts with objects in various ways; it can be reflected off the object, absorbed by the object, or refracted through the object.

Basic Prism
Color Absorption
Heat Absorption

5.2: Perceiving and responding to information about the environment is critical to the survival of organisms.

5.2.a: The sense organs perceive stimuli from the environment and send signals to the brain through the nervous system.

5.2.a.8: Sunlight (or “white light”) is a combination of colors. White light passed through prisms, water droplets or diffraction gratings can be refracted to show its component colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.

Basic Prism

5.2.a.10: Human skin is structured to detect information related to texture, temperature, pressure and vibration. Each sensation has different receptors distributed around the body; some areas of the body have greater concentrations of receptors for certain sensations, making those areas more sensitive than others to texture, temperature, or pressure.

Homeostasis

5.3: Most objects in the solar system are in a regular and predictable motion.

5.3.a: The positions of the earth and moon relative to the sun explain the cycles of day and night, and the monthly moon phases.

5.3.a.1: The sun, Earth and its moon are spherical objects that move in two ways: they spin (rotate) and they change positions relative to each other (revolve).

Comparing Earth and Venus
Seasons: Earth, Moon, and Sun

5.3.a.3: The amount of time it takes for the earth to rotate once on its axis is regular and predictable (24 hours), and is called “a day.” Earth’s rotation makes it appear as if the sun is moving across the sky from east to west.

Comparing Earth and Venus
Phases of the Moon
Seasons: Earth, Moon, and Sun
Summer and Winter

5.3.a.5: Half of the moon is always illuminated by the sun. Phases of the moon occur because a different portion of the lit half of the moon is visible from Earth each day as the moon revolves around the earth.

Phases of the Moon

5.3.a.6: The changes in the moon’s phases occur in a regular and predictable sequence. At predictable periods during the lunar cycle, the moon is visible in either the daytime or the nighttime sky.

Phases of the Moon

5.3.a.7: At the beginning of a lunar month, no lit part of the moon is visible from Earth (new moon). As the moon progresses through the first two quarters of its complete trip around the earth, larger portions of the right side of the moon are illuminated each day. When the moon has completed half its trip around the earth, the full moon is illuminated. During the third and fourth quarters of the moon’s trip around the earth, the illuminated portion gradually decreases so only the left side is illuminated and finally no lit portion of the moon is visible from Earth again.

Phases of the Moon

5.3.a.8: Like the sun, the moon appears to rise at the eastern horizon and set at the western horizon due to the earth’s rotation. From one day to the next, when observed at the same time from the same location, the moon’s position in the sky varies in predictable ways.

Seasons: Earth, Moon, and Sun