12A: Students who meet the standard know and apply concepts that explain how living things function, adapt, and change.

12A.1: Apply scientific inquiries or technological designs to examine the cellular-to-organism interrelationships, comparing the increasingly complex structure and function of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems, demonstrating the processes for biological classification, analyzing normal and abnormal growth and health in organisms (with a focus on humans), describing how physiological systems carry out vital functions (e.g., respiration, digestion, reproduction, photosynthesis, excretion, and temperature regulation).

Circulatory System

12A.2: Apply scientific inquiries or technological designs to examine macro- and micro-evolution in organisms, comparing and assessing changes in the features or forms of organisms over broad time periods to their adaptive functions and competitive advantages, describing how natural selection accounts for diversity of species over many generations.

Evolution: Mutation and Selection
Evolution: Natural and Artificial Selection
Natural Selection
Rainfall and Bird Beaks

12A.3: Apply scientific inquiries or technological designs to explore the science of genetics, tracing the history of genetics, correlating the principles of genetics to mitotic cell division and simple mathematical probabilities, researching applied genetics in plant and animal breeding, or associating genetic factors for inheritance in humans, including genetic disorders.

Human Karyotyping
Inheritance
Mouse Genetics (One Trait)
Mouse Genetics (Two Traits)

12A.4: Apply scientific inquiries or technological designs to examine the cellular coordination of responses, describing how the nervous system communicates between cells within the whole organism, tracing stimulus-response paths in various nervous systems, or analyzing the effect of substances (e.g., oxygen, food, blood, hormones, drugs) circulating through the body.

Sight vs. Sound Reactions

12B: Students who meet the standard know and apply concepts that describe how living things interact with each other and with their environment.

12B.1: Apply scientific inquiries or technological design to examine the energy requirements of ecosystems, tracing the roles and population ratios of producers, consumers, and decomposers in food chains and webs, or identifying the biomass relationship with the transfer of energy from the sun to final consumers.

Food Chain
Forest Ecosystem
Prairie Ecosystem

12B.2: Apply scientific inquiries or technological designs to relate the chemical cycles in ecosystems, modeling the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles with local references, or researching groundwater resources and potential sources of contamination with local examples.

Carbon Cycle
Cell Energy Cycle
Plants and Snails
Water Cycle
Water Pollution

12B.3: Apply scientific inquiries or technological designs to explore the interactions between an ecosystem's organisms, examining types of interactive relationships (e.g., mutualism, predation, parasitism) with specific examples, or explaining interrelationship of adaptations and ecosystem survival.

Food Chain
Natural Selection
Prairie Ecosystem

12B.4: Apply scientific inquiries or technological designs to introduce population dynamics in ecosystems, exploring models of population growth rates, determining factors that limit population growth, or researching specific instances of population explosions over time.

Food Chain

12B.5: Apply scientific inquiries or technological designs to model global biomes, identifying the general climate, soil, and inhabitant of the six major land-based biomes, mapping the global biomes, or comparing the graphical meteorological data (temperature, precipitation) of biomes/ecosystems.

Pond Ecosystem

12C: Students who meet the standard know and apply concepts that describe properties of matter and energy and the interactions between them.

12C.1: Apply scientific inquiries or technological designs to compare heat, light, and sound energies, distinguishing heat and temperature, their measurements, and the relationship to mass, recording temperatures of simple substances collected during melting/freezing or boiling/condensing to trace phase changes, identifying ways of production and travel for heat, light, and sound in various media, or relating sound reflection, loudness, frequency, and pitch in common examples.

Energy Conversion in a System
Energy Conversions
Hearing: Frequency and Volume
Heat Absorption
Herschel Experiment
Longitudinal Waves
Phase Changes
Phases of Water
Radiation

12C.2: Apply scientific inquiries or technological designs to explore the nature of energy conversions and conservation, describing energy and its different forms with common examples, categorizing energy into kinetic and potential states, explaining energy conversion and conservation possibilities, or introducing the connections to concepts of force, momentum, power, and motion.

2D Collisions
Air Track
Energy Conversion in a System
Energy Conversions
Energy of a Pendulum
Inclined Plane - Sliding Objects
Roller Coaster Physics
Sled Wars
Trebuchet

12C.3: Apply scientific inquiries or technological designs to explore the basic structure of matter measuring mass and volumes of common solids (regular and irregular) and liquids to introduce density ratios, comparing ratios of different masses and different volumes of the same kinds of samples, relating how historic models of elemental matter from ancient Greeks to medieval alchemists evolved to current representations and explanations, classifying comparable properties of representative elements or similar compounds (mixtures, acids, bases, salts, metals, non-metals), or constructing simple chemical structure models to explain chemical combinations, states, and properties.

Density Experiment: Slice and Dice
Density Laboratory
Element Builder
Mineral Identification
Phase Changes
Phases of Water
pH Analysis
pH Analysis: Quad Color Indicator

12D: Students who meet the standard know and apply concepts that describe force and motion and the principles that explain them.

12D.1: Apply scientific inquiries or technological designs to explore frames of reference for measuring motion, visualizing the possible reference frames in multiple motion examples, or comparing scope of motion (straight line, projectile, inclined, free fall, circular) of various objects.

Distance-Time Graphs
Free Fall Tower
Free-Fall Laboratory
Uniform Circular Motion

12D.2: Apply scientific inquiries or technological designs to measure motion, explaining the dimensions of speed/time with directional units, comparing speed, average speed, velocity, acceleration, and momentum with common examples, using simple machines to demonstrate the principles of mechanics, or analyzing components of motion graphically.

Distance-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs

12E: Students who meet the standard know and apply concepts that describe the features and processes of Earth and its resources.

12E.1: Apply scientific inquiries and technological design to investigate large-scale dynamic forces that change geologic features, diagramming single global features over time as affected by continental drift, identifying properties and origins of rocks and minerals, or explaining impact of weathering, erosion, and deposition.

Rock Cycle

12E.2: Apply scientific inquiries or technological designs to investigate large-scale meteorological forces distinguishing weather from climate, examining global weather data over broad periods of time, or explaining how atmospheric circulation is driven by solar heating.

Coastal Winds and Clouds

12F: Students who meet the standard know and apply concepts that explain the composition and structure of the universe and Earth's place in it.

12F.1: Apply scientific inquiries or technological designs to explore the earth in space with its moon, plotting how the relative motions and positions of the sun, earth, and moon influence eclipses, moon phases, and tides, comparing the composition and surface features of the earth and moon, using imaging, magnifications and displays to model the moon's surface features, or calculating earth and moon rise and set over time.

2D Eclipse
3D Eclipse
Moonrise, Moonset, and Phases
Phases of the Moon
Seasons: Earth, Moon, and Sun
Tides

12F.2: Apply scientific designs to explore the solar system, comparing the major features of the solar system including the nine planets, their moons, orbital shapes, surface and atmospheric conditions, orientation and periods of rotation and revolution, charting orbital factors of comets, asteroids, meteors, etc., or explaining imaging displays of different kinds of solar system objects.

Solar System
Solar System Explorer