C: Chemistry I

C.1: Students begin to conceptualize the general structure of the atom and the roles played by the main parts of the atom in determining the properties of materials. They investigate, through such methods as laboratory work, the nature of chemical changes and the role of energy in those changes.

C.1.2: Determine the properties and quantities of matter such as mass, volume, temperature, density, melting point, boiling point, conductivity, solubility, color, numbers of moles, and pH (calculate pH from the hydrogen-ion concentration), and designate these properties as either extensive or intensive.

Circuit Builder
Density Experiment: Slice and Dice
Density Laboratory

C.1.5: Describe solutions in appropriate concentration units (be able to calculate these units) such as molarity, percent by mass or volume, parts per million (ppm), or parts per billion (ppb).

Colligative Properties

C.1.6: Predict formulas of stable ionic compounds based on charge balance of stable ions.

Ionic Bonds

C.1.8: Use formulas and laboratory investigations to classify substances as metal or nonmetal, ionic or molecular, acid or base, and organic or inorganic.

pH Analysis
pH Analysis: Quad Color Indicator

C.1.9: Describe chemical reactions with balanced chemical equations.

Balancing Chemical Equations
Chemical Equations

C.1.10: Recognize and classify reactions of various types such as oxidation-reduction.

Balancing Chemical Equations
Chemical Equations
Equilibrium and Concentration

C.1.13: Use the principle of conservation of mass to make calculations related to chemical reactions. Calculate the masses of reactants and products in a chemical reaction from the mass of one of the reactants or products and the relevant atomic masses.

Chemical Equations
Limiting Reactants
Stoichiometry

C.1.15: Given a chemical equation, calculate the mass, gas volume, and/or number of moles needed to produce a given gas volume, mass, and/or number of moles of product.

Chemical Equations

C.1.19: Use titration data to calculate the concentration of an unknown solution.

Titration

C.1.20: Predict how a reaction rate will be quantitatively affected by changes of concentration.

Collision Theory

C.1.21: Predict how changes in temperature, surface area, and the use of catalysts will qualitatively affect the rate of a reaction.

Collision Theory

C.1.23: Write a rate law for a chemical equation using experimental data.

Collision Theory

C.1.27: Describe chemical changes and reactions using sketches and descriptions of the reactants and products.

Equilibrium and Concentration

C.1.28: Explain that chemical bonds between atoms in molecules, such as H2, CH4, NH3, C2H4, N2, Cl2, and many large biological molecules are covalent.

Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds

C.1.29: Describe dynamic equilibrium.

Equilibrium and Concentration
Equilibrium and Pressure

C.1.30: Perform calculations that demonstrate an understanding of the gas laws. Apply the gas laws to relations between pressure, temperature, and volume of any amount of an ideal gas or any mixture of ideal gases.

Boyle's Law and Charles' Law

C.1.31: Use kinetic molecular theory to explain changes in gas volumes, pressure, and temperature (Solve problems using pV=nRT).

Temperature and Particle Motion

C.1.32: Describe the possible subatomic particles within an atom or ion.

Element Builder

C.1.33: Use an element's location in the Periodic Table to determine its number of valence electrons, and predict what stable ion or ions an element is likely to form in reacting with other specified elements.

Electron Configuration

C.1.36: Describe the nature of ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds and give examples of how they contribute to the formation of various types of compounds.

Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds

C.1.37: Describe that spectral lines are the result of transitions of electrons between energy levels and that these lines correspond to photons with a frequency related to the energy spacing between levels by using Planck's relationship (E=hv).

Bohr Model of Hydrogen
Bohr Model: Introduction
Photoelectric Effect
Star Spectra

C.1.38: Distinguish between the concepts of temperature and heat.

Energy Conversion in a System
Temperature and Particle Motion

C.1.39: Solve problems involving heat flow and temperature changes, using known values of specific heat and latent heat of phase change.

Calorimetry Lab
Energy Conversion in a System
Phase Changes

C.1.41: Describe the role of light, heat, and electrical energies in physical, chemical, and nuclear changes.

Energy Conversion in a System

C.1.43: Calculate the amount of radioactive substance remaining after an integral number of half-lives have passed.

Half-life