112.43.4: The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all living things and have specialized parts that perform specific functions, and that viruses are different from cells and have different properties and functions.

112.43.4.A: identify the parts of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells;

Cell Structure
Paramecium Homeostasis

112.43.4.B: investigate and identify cellular processes including homeostasis, permeability, energy production, transportation of molecules, disposal of wastes, function of cellular parts, and synthesis of new molecules;

Cell Energy Cycle
Cell Structure
Osmosis
Paramecium Homeostasis
Photosynthesis Lab

112.43.4.C: compare the structures and functions of viruses to cells and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases and conditions such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome, common colds, smallpox, influenza, and warts;

Virus Life Cycle (Lytic)

112.43.6: The student knows the structures and functions of nucleic acids in the mechanisms of genetics.

112.43.6.A: describe components of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and illustrate how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA;

Microevolution
Natural Selection

112.43.6.B: explain replication, transcription, and translation using models of DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA);

Building DNA
RNA and Protein Synthesis

112.43.6.C: identify and illustrate how changes in DNA cause mutations and evaluate the significance of these changes;

Evolution: Mutation and Selection

112.43.6.D: compare genetic variations observed in plants and animals;

Microevolution

112.43.6.E: compare the processes of mitosis and meiosis and their significance to sexual and asexual reproduction;

Cell Division

112.43.6.F: identify and analyze karyotypes.

Human Karyotyping

112.43.7: The student knows the theory of biological evolution.

112.43.7.A: identify evidence of change in species using fossils, DNA sequences, anatomical similarities, physiological similarities, and embryology;

Human Evolution - Skull Analysis

112.43.7.B: illustrate the results of natural selection in speciation, diversity, phylogeny, adaptation, behavior, and extinction.

Evolution: Mutation and Selection
Microevolution
Natural Selection

112.43.8: The student knows applications of taxonomy and can identify its limitations.

112.43.8.A: collect and classify organisms at several taxonomic levels such as species, phylum, and kingdom using dichotomous keys;

Human Evolution - Skull Analysis

112.43.9: The student knows metabolic processes and energy transfers that occur in living organisms.

112.43.9.A: compare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids;

RNA and Protein Synthesis

112.43.9.B: compare the energy flow in photosynthesis to the energy flow in cellular respiration;

Cell Energy Cycle
Interdependence of Plants and Animals
Photosynthesis Lab
Pond Ecosystem

112.43.9.C: investigate and identify the effects of enzymes on food molecules;

Prairie Ecosystem

112.43.9.D: analyze the flow of matter and energy through different trophic levels and between organisms and the physical environment.

Cell Energy Cycle
Interdependence of Plants and Animals
Photosynthesis Lab

112.43.10: The student knows that, at all levels of nature, living systems are found within other living systems, each with its own boundary and limits.

112.43.10.A: interpret the functions of systems in organisms including circulatory, digestive, nervous, endocrine, reproductive, integumentary, skeletal, respiratory, muscular, excretory, and immune;

Circulatory System

112.43.10.B: compare the interrelationships of organ systems to each other and to the body as a whole;

Circulatory System

112.43.11: The student knows that organisms maintain homeostasis.

112.43.11.A: identify and describe the relationships between internal feedback mechanisms in the maintenance of homeostasis;

Human Homeostasis
Paramecium Homeostasis

112.43.11.B: investigate and identify how organisms, including humans, respond to external stimuli;

Human Homeostasis

112.43.11.C: analyze the importance of nutrition, environmental conditions, and physical exercise on health;

Human Homeostasis

112.43.11.D: summarize the role of microorganisms in maintaining and disrupting equilibrium including diseases in plants and animals and decay in an ecosystem.

Forest Ecosystem

112.43.12: The student knows that interdependence and interactions occur within an ecosystem.

112.43.12.A: analyze the flow of energy through various cycles including the carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and water cycles;

Cell Energy Cycle
Food Chain
Interdependence of Plants and Animals
Photosynthesis Lab

112.43.12.B: interpret interactions among organisms exhibiting predation, parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism;

Food Chain
Forest Ecosystem
Prairie Ecosystem

112.43.12.C: compare variations, tolerances, and adaptations of plants and animals in different biomes;

Evolution: Mutation and Selection
Natural Selection

112.43.12.D: identify and illustrate that long-term survival of species is dependent on a resource base that may be limited;

Natural Selection
Prairie Ecosystem

112.43.12.E: investigate and explain the interactions in an ecosystem including food chains, food webs, and food pyramids.

Food Chain
Forest Ecosystem
Prairie Ecosystem

112.43.13: The student knows the significance of plants in the environment.

112.43.13.A: evaluate the significance of structural and physiological adaptations of plants to their environments;

Evolution: Mutation and Selection
Natural Selection

112.43.13.B: survey and identify methods of reproduction, growth, and development of various types of plants.

Pollination: Flower to Fruit